Abstract: Realizing the win-win situation of “increasing production” and “synergistic emission reduction”is not only the proper meaning for sustainable development of planting industry, but also the inevitable choice for green and low-carbon transformation of agriculture.Using the modified model of coupling degree, difference-in-differences model, machine learning, triple-difference model and grey relational analysis model, this paper explored the impact of major grain producing area policy on the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon emissions reduction in planting industry and its mechanism of action.The panel data of 31 provinces from 2000 to 2022 were collected and used in this study.This study further analyzed the heterogeneity in policy effectiveness and the potential for synergistic emission reduction.This study found that: (1) the major grain producing area policy had a contributing effect on the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon emissions reduction in planting industry.(2) The deepening of agricultural division of labor and agricultural technology innovation were regarded as the effective mechanisms.(3) The synergistic emission reduction effect was suppressed in provinces with a high degree of damage and disaster.There was a significant synergistic emission reduction effect in the eastern provinces.(4) Overall, the potential for synergistic emission reduction of carbon dioxide and surface source pollutants in planting industry showed a balanced development trend.The synergistic emission reduction potential of major grain producing area was higher than that of non-major grain producing area.However, there was a need of stimulation for the synergistic emission reduction potential of most provinces.These findings enriched understanding of the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon emissions, as well as provided empirical evidence and policy implications for carrying out the synergistic management of pollution and carbon emissions in planting industry