RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN >> 2015, Vol. 24 >> Issue (06): 1003-1011.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201506015

Previous Articles     Next Articles

CONSTRUCTION OF THE EMISSION INVENTORY OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS OF SHANGHAI AND PREDICTION OF ITS EMISSION TREND

LIU Wei-ya1, LIU Min1, YANG Yi1, LU Min1, HOU Li-jun1,2, YU Ying-peng1, WANG Qing1,3   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Estuary and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;
    3. Department of Geography, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241003, China
  • Received:2014-05-30 Revised:2014-07-25 Online:2015-06-20
  • Contact: 刘敏 E-mail:mliu@geo.ecnu.edu.cn

PDF (PC)

106

Abstract: Emission inventory of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contribute to control the emissions of PAHs and to reveal their sources. In addition, emission inventory can provide basic data and scientific evidences for the research of migration and fate of PAHs in multi-media environments. The emissions of 16 PAHs which are listed as U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) priority pollutants was estimated using reported emission activity data and emission factors. Emission characteristics of PAHs were discussed and the results were compared with other cities' emission inventories in this study. It was estimated that the total emission of these 16 PAHs in 2012 in Shanghai was 447.8 tons, of which coking industry and domestic coal combustion, as the major sources, accounted for 34.7% and 21.3% of total emission, respectively. This emission character was similar to Taiyuan's PAHs emission inventory. Additionally, natural gas and refining industry accounted for 15.6% and 10.7% of the total emission, respectively. The emission intensity of PAHs in 2012 was about 70.6 kg/km2 in Shanghai, which was much higher than the average intensity of China, while lower than those of 76 metropolises in China. The amount of carcinogenic PAHs was identified as 60.06 tons, which accounted for 13.4%of the total emission. The emission amount of naphthalene accounting for 30.8% of the total emission was the largest, followed by phenanthrene. Additionally, the low molecular weight species with 2-3 rings of PAHs emissions were the dominating, proportion being 71.1%, and D[ah]A was the minimum. The total emissions of PAHs showed a slight downward trend from 2000 to 2012. An equation fitted using regional gross product (GDP) and energy consumption data were conducted to predict energy consumption by 2020. It was predicted that GDP in 2020 will be 36 173.14 hundred million RMB, and energy consumption will be 14 175.33 ten thousand tons of standard coal. According to the forecasted data, PAHs emission will be about 356.57 tons by 2020 in Shanghai. Emissions might be lower due to the introduction and implementation of a number of policies and measures in the future. However, the accuracy of emission factor and emission activity data might affect the estimated result of PAHs. In addition, some emission data such as cooking and smoking are hard to obtain. Therefore, above reasons were considered as uncertainties in estimating emission inventory of PAHs.

Key words: PAHs, emission inventory, emission factors, uncertainties, Shanghai

CLC Number: 

  • X511
[1] WILD S R, JONES K C.Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the United Kingdom environment:A preliminary source inventory and budget[J].Environmental Pollution,1995,88(1):91-108.
[2] TREMOLADA P,BURNETT V,CALAMARI D,et al.Spatial distribution of PAHs in the U.K.atmosphere using pine needles[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1996,30(12):3570-3577.
[3] NELSON T E.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) in the terrestrial environment-A review[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1983,12(4):427-441.
[4] BERDOWSKI J J M,BASS J,BLOOS J P,et al.The european inventory of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants for 1990[R].UBA-FB report10402672/03.Apeldoorn:TNO Institute of Environmental Sciences,Energy Research and Process Innovation,1997.239.
[5] XU S S,LIU W,TAO S.Emission of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in China[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2006,40(3):702-708.
[6] 张彦旭.中国多环芳烃的排放、大气迁移及肺癌风险[D].北京:北京大学博士学位论文,2010.
[7] 蒋秋静,李跃宇,胡新新,等.太原市多环芳烃(PAHs)排放清单与分布特征分析[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(1):14-20.
[8] 谢雨杉,上海城市大气PAHs排放特征与多介质归趋模拟[D].上海:华东师范大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[9] TSIBULSKY V,SOKOLOVSKY V,DUTCHAK S.MSC-E contribution to the HM and POP emission inventories[R].Technical Note,7/2001.Moscow:Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-East,2002:7-25.
[10] CHRISTENSEN E R,ARORA S.Source apportionment of PAHs in sediments using factor analysis by time records:Application to Lake Michigan,USA[J].Water Research,2007,41(1):168-176.
[11] YUNKER M B,MACDONALD R W,VINGARZAN R, et al.PAHs in the Fraser River basin:a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition[J].Organic Geochemistry,2002,33(4):489-515.
[12] JIANG M,MARR L C,DUNLEA E J,et al.Vehicle fleet emissions of black carbon,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,and other pollutants measured by a mobile laboratory in Mexico City[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2005,5(12):3377-3387.
[13] 赵淑莉,戴天有,段小丽,等.北京城市空气中多环芳烃的污染特征[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(3): 16-20.
[14] 李 静,吕永龙,焦文涛,等.天津滨海工业区土壤中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源分析[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(10):2111-2117.
[15] GUO H,LEE S C,HO K F,et al.Particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air of Hong Kong[J].Atmospheric Environment,2003,37(38):5307-5317.
[16] CHEN C W,CHEN C F.Distribution,origin,and potential toxicological significance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of Kaohsiung Harbor,Taiwan[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2011,63(5-12):417-423.
[17] SUN L,ZANG S.Relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and particle size in dated core sediments in Lake Lianhuan,Northeast China[J].Science of The Total Environment,2013,461-462:180-187.
[18] HARRISON R,SMITH D J T,LUHANA L.Source apportionment of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons collected from an urban location in Birmingham,UK[J].Fuel and Energy Abstracts,1996,37(5):388.
[19] MENZIE C A,POTOCKI B B,SANTODONATO J.Exposure to carcinogenic PAHs in the environment[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1992,26(7):1278-1284.
[20] 崔明珍,陈衷阳,赵振华.饭店厨房空气中的化学成分分析[J].中国公共卫生,1994,10(1):21-22.
[21] 于改革.烹调烟雾对人体健康危害研究[J].环境科学动态,2005,2005(4):13-14.
[22] 刘维立,朱先磊,卢妍妍.大气中多环芳烃的来源及采样方式的研究[J].城市环境与城市生态,1999,12(5):58-60.
[23] 许姗姗,刘文新,陶 澍.全国多环芳烃年排放量估算[J].农业环境与发展,2005,22(3):476-479.
[24] 陈晓英.典型污染源排放颗粒物中多环芳烃的组成特征研究[D].南京:南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[25] 朱利中,王 静,杜 烨,等.汽车尾气中多环芳烃(PAHs)成分谱图研究[J].环境科学,2003,24(3):26-29.
[26] 上海统计局.上海统计年鉴2009-2013[EB/OL].[2013-12-20].http://www.stats-sh.gov.cn/data/release.xhtml.
[27] 国家统计局.国家数据http://data.stats.gov.cn/workspace/index;jsessionid=9754E564DC727B0CE3C49DB73AC53D3C?m=fsnd.[2013-12-20].
[28] ZHANG Y X,TAO S.Global atmospheric emission inventory of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for 2004 [J].Atmospheric Environment,2009,43(2009):812-819.
[29] JENKINS B M,JONES A D,TURN S Q,et al.Emission factors for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from biomass burning[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1996,30(8):2462-2469.
[30] COUSINS I T,MACKAY D.Strategies for including vegetation compartments in multimedia models[J].Chemosphere,2001,44(4):643-654.
[31] TIAN F,CHEN J W,QIAO X L,et al.Sources and seasonal variation of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Dalian,China:Factor analysis with non-negative constraints combined with local source fingerprints[J].Atmospheric Environment,2009,2009(43):2747-2753.
[32] 中国上海网.上海市能源发展"十一五"规划[EB/OL].[2014-04-20].http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/node2314/node2319/node12344/userobject26ai8773.html.
[33] 中国上海网.上海市能源发展"十二五"规划[EB/OL].[2014-04-20].http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/node2314/node25307/node25455/node25459/u21ai565271.html.
[34] 中国上海网.上海市国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要[EB/OL].[2014-04-20].http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/node2314/node25307/node25455/node25457/u21ai485258.html.
[35] 徐绍史.认清大势 着力落实 以更大的勇气和智慧深化改革[R].北京:国家发展和改革委员会2013:1-4.
[36] 中国银行国际金融研究所中国经济金融研究课题组等.经济增长小幅回升 新一轮改革亟待启航—中国银行中国经济金融展望报告(2013年年报)[R].国际金融,2013(1):43-50.
[37] 郑 慧,王小广,胡琳琳.2014年中国宏观经济展望与政策建议[J].中国石油和化工经济分析,2014,2014(1):4-10.
[1] ZHOU Sheng-lv, LI Yue-han, HU Jing, FENG Jing-nan. Willing-To-Pay For Improvement of Air Quality in Shanghai Based on  Questionnaire Survey [J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2018, 27(11): 2419-2424.
[2] LI Ben, ZHANG Wei, SHU Xiao-xiao, MO Ying-min, PEI En-le, YUAN Xiao, WANG Tian-hou. DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTIC OF AMPHIBIAN IN THREE TYPICAL HABITATS OF RURAL SHANGHAI [J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2017, 26(06): 824-831.
[3] YU Ying-peng, CHEN Hong-quan, LIU Min. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS AND INDOOR AND OUTDOOR OF PAHs IN ORGANIC FILM ON WINDOW GLASS SURFACE [J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2017, 26(05): 765-770.
[4] SHI Jun, MU Hai-zhen, XU Jia-liang, MA Yue. CHARACTERISTICS OF LOW-LEVEL WIND IN SHANGHAI OFFSHORE [J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2016, 25(08): 1184-1190.
[5] JING Rui, CHEN Jiang-long, TIAN Liu. DEVELOPMENT HETEROGENEITY AND DYNAMIC MECHANISM OF STATELEVEL NEW AREA——A CASE STUDY OF PUDONG NEW AREA OF SHANGHAI AND JIANGBEI NEW AREA OF NANJING [J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2016, 25(06): 859-867.
[6] ZHOU Tian-shu, ZHANG Ya, TANG Wen-qiao, WANG Li-qing. ECOLOGICAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF HUANGPU RIVER BASED ON FISH INDEX OF BIOTIC INTEGRITY [J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2016, 25(06): 895-903.
[7] LI Qi, SU Huan, SHI Yu-han, WANG Lian-xi, WU Dong-li. TEMPORAL-SPATIAL CHANGE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUMMER HEATWAVES IN JIANGSU-ZHEJIANG-SHANGHAI REGION DURING 1961-2010 [J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2016, 25(03): 506-513.
[8] SHI Jun, MU Hai-zhen. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE CITIES FACING CLIMATE CHANGE——TAKING SHANGHAI AS AN EXAMPLE [J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2016, 25(01): 1-8.
[9] Ning Xiu-hong, Zhao Min. CHANGES IN LAND USE AND LANDSCAPE CAUSED BY LAND CONSOLIDATION——A CASE STUDY OF HEQING TOWN IN SHANGHAI [J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2016, 25(01): 79-87.
[10] ZHU Xi-yang, PAN Chen, LIU Min, YANG Fang, JIA Wen-xiao, XIANG Wei-ning. Spatial characteristics of near surface CO2 concentration and analysis on its influencing factors in spring in shanghai city [J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2015, 24(09): 1443-1450.
[11] ZHENG Lu, LI Meng-ya, WANG Jun, ZHANG Wei, HE Xiao-feng. ANALYSIS ON THE EROSION-ACCRETION CHANGES OF SHANGHAI PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEX OFFSHORE SEABED AND THE SEAWALL STABILITY [J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2015, 24(08): 1293-1298.
[12] YIN Zhan-e, TIAN Na, YIN Jie, CHI Xiao-xiao. WETLAND RESOURCES AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICE VALUE USING REMOTE SENSING IN SHANGHAI [J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2015, 24(06): 925-930.
[13] TUN Guo-Qing. ON INTERACTIVE DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN SHANGHAI URBAN TOURISM AND REGIONAL TOURISM OF THE YANGTZE RIVER DELTA [J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2009, 18(7): 597-.
[14] XU Chang-Le-| Xiang-Yun-Bei- , Zhang-Yi-Zhong- , Ruan-Li-Rong-| Chen-Liu-Fang-. STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE ECONOMY IN SHANGHAI [J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2009, 18(6): 501-.
[15] XIANG Yun-Bei-| Bang-Xiu-Fen-| Xu-Chang-Le-. RESEARCH ON ECONOMIC LINKAGE BETWEEN SHANGHAIAND CHANGJIANG ECONOMIC ZONE [J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2009, 18(6): 508-.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] LIU Ai-xia,LIU Zheng-jun,WANG Jing. MAPPING OF NATURAL FOREST IN CHINA BASED ON PRINCIPAL COMPONENT TRANSFORM AND NEURAL NETWORK CLASSIFICATION[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2006, 15(1): 19 -24 .
[2] ZHANG Xiao-ping, FAN Jie. STRATEGY FOR ECOLOGICAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AND ECOLOGICAL FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION IN THE UPPER REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER——THE CASE OF ZHAOTONG CITY, YUNNAN PROVINCE[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2006, 15(3): 310 -314 .
[3] LI Shu-heng, GUO Wei, SHI Xiao-dong, ZHU Da-kui. ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCE WITH THEIR FUTURE UTILIZATION IN ZHOUSHAN ARCHIPELAGO[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2007, 16(4): 425 .
[4] YE Hao,PU Lijie, ZHANG Jian. ON ARABLE LAND'S PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY IN MAIN FOOD PRODUCING AREA OF CHINA[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2008, 17(4): 584 .
[5] ZHANG Zhi, ZHANG Xianzhong. EFFECTS OF SEDIMENT IN THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR AREA ON THE DIATOM'S GROWTH IN DIFFERENT INITIAL CONCENTRATION[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2006, 15(Sup1): 116 -119 .
[6] YU Bin, LI Xingming,ZENG Juxin. ON SPATIAL OPTIMIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN WUHAN URBAN CLUSTER[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2007, 16(5): 560 .
[7] CAI Shu-ming, YIN Hong-fu, DU Yun, WU Sheng-jun, LI Tao. EFFECT OF THE MIDDLE ROUTE PROJECT OF SOUTH TO NORTH WATER TRANSFER ON THE SUSTAINABLE　DEVELOPMENT OF THE MIDDLE AND LOWER REACHES OF HANJIANG RIVER[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2005, 14(4): 409 -413 .
[8] CHENG Dong-Bing, Zhang-Beng-Cang, Diao-Jian, Ca-Chong-Fa. ANALYSIS AND MODEL FITTING FOR PURPLE SOIL WATER RETENTION CURVE UNDER DIFFERENT MEASURES OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION IN THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR AREA[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2009, 18(11): 1045 .
[9] LEI Shi-Jiang-, Lin-Wei-Jing-, Gu-Yu-Liang-, Li-Wei-, Zhang-Hong-Wei-, Ding-Ling-. DELINEATION METHOD OF SOURCE PROTECTION ZONES FOR TIDAL ESTUARY RESERVOIR[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2010, 19(2): 146 .
[10] YANG Zhen. EVALUATION ON IMPACT OF CONSUMPTION PROCESSES OF THERMAL POWER FUEL ON RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2011, 20(2): 239 .
Copyright © RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, All Rights Reserved.
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co. Ltd