Abstract: The study of spatial variability of soil organic carbon content is important for sustainable utilization of regional soil resources. Spatial variability of SOC（soil organic carbon) content in the surface layer of Fengle river basin was analyzed using the ArcGIS method. Descriptive statistics of the results shows that the soil organic carbon content in this area is averagely 1431with SD of 450（g·kg-1）. Analysis of variance showed that the effects of land use on soil organic carbon were significant (p<001). In terms of different land use patterns, average organic carbon content in forest land soil(1558±593 g·kg-1)is notably higher than that in paddy field and dry land（1539±309 g·kg-1 and 114± 304 g·kg-1）, which is then remarkably higher than that in garden land(1109±348 g·kg-1 ).The coefficient of variation (CV) was 31.44%. Its variance belongs to a moderate level. Moreover, forest land boasts of the greatest dimensional variability with a variability index of 38.06%, much higher than that of garden land and dry land (3138% and 2652%). The CV of the paddy field was 2007%, in four kinds of land use types, is the minimum. The result indicated that the variability of topsoil organic carbon content was affected by human activities. The soil organic carbon semivariance model is spherical model. Moreover, geostatistical analysis suggests that the study area was very strong in spatial auto correlation and structural factors played a dominating role in spatial variability of soil organic carbon, which was significant in anisotropy. And in the northern and southern direction, the degree of variation is most severe. The spatial distribution of soil organic carbon content is higher in the northeast, southwest, and lower in the northwest. The content of soil organic carbon showed a maculosus distribution approximation