Abstract: Abstract：The rational development of urban agglomeration transportation network is of great significance to promote the integration and coordinated development of regional resources. Based on the spatial syntax model, this paper analyses the evolution characteristics of traffic network accessibility in the Central Plains urban agglomeration from 1995 to 2015, and puts forward corresponding suggestions for traffic network optimization and improvement. The results show that: (1) From 1995 to 2015, the traffic network of the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration has evolved from the initial “divergent” shape to the “tree-ring” shape, and the accessibility center has expanded from Zhengzhou in the initial stage to Luoyang, Xuchang, Zhoukou, Shangqiu, Kaifeng and other surrounding cities. The axes with higher accessibility have developed from the regional linear distribution to the central area. (2) From 1995 to 2015, the accessibility of all cities in the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration has increased, and the increase of accessibility in Beijing-Guangzhou Radiation Area is significantly greater than that in Longhai Radiation Area; the growth rate of accessibility in core cities such as Zhengzhou City and Handan City is slowing down, while the growth rate of accessibility in border cities such as Bozhou City and Huaibei City is rising. The traffic network construction of Central Plains urban agglomeration shows a trend of spatial convergence, but the level of inter-city accessibility is still increasing. (3) Based on the above analysis, this paper proposes to cultivate the transportation system of the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration as a whole into a “multi-core and multi-directional” network structure with Zhengzhou as the center and Longhai and Beijing-Guangzhou lines as the “ten” development axes. The improved road network can improve the accessibility of the cities in the Central Plains urban agglomeration, and fully reflect the basic functions of the urban agglomeration center to drive the marginal and urban linkage development.