Abstract: The interaction of multi-hazards has attracted much attention in recent years, especially the concurrent of heat waves and droughts, that improved the impacts on the agriculture, ecosystem and human daily life. In this study, based on meteorological data from 197 meteorological stations for the period of 1960-2018, we constructed a conceptual framework including the concurrent heat waves and droughts hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Meanwhile, the spatiotemporal variation of the concurrent heat waves and droughts was analyzed in north and south of Qinling-Huaihe region. More importantly, we used path analysis to investigate the relationship between hazard, exposure and vulnerability based on socioeconomic and demographic data. The results showed, (1) during 1960 to 2018, the concurrent heat waves and droughts presented the spatiotemporal cluster by using bipartite networks in study region. In detailed, one distinct phase was identified that the concurrency of heat waves and droughts is significant from 1970s to the early 1980s, and there are three spatial cluster regions, i.e. Huaihe Plain, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Hill areas of eastern Sichuan and Wushan Mountains in central China. It should be noted that the concurrency for heat waves and droughts weakened gradually after 1990s; (2) The risk of concurrent of heat waves and droughts showed a significant pattern of spatial variation. About 70% of the top 30 cities with the greatest risk located in Huaihe Plain and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and 30% covered in Sichuan Basin, led by the dense population and economy, which meant greater exposure and the higher risk of the concurrent heat waves and droughts hazard; (3)In the term of influence factors, the path analysis confirmed that the negative relationship between susceptibility and coping capacity, and further verified that hazard, exposure correlated negatively with concurrent risk. These results implied that greater coping capacity was significant driving factor of lower concurrent risk in area with the more concurrent of heat waves and droughts and exposure.