Abstract: As an important spatial carrier of the national ecological security strategy of “two screens and three belts”, the key ecological function area in the upper reaches of Yangtze River is intertwined with ecological sensitivity and socio-economic lagging, clarifying the influence of ecosystem services on multi dimensions and hierarchies of human wellbeing is conducive to the construction of ecological civilization in China and regional sustainable development of human-land system. Taking the key ecological function areas in Sichuan Province as case research object, this study identified changes of human wellbeing since 2000, subsequently, influence of varied ecosystem service types on human wellbeing were observed by utilizing correlation analysis and the panel quantile regression model. Results revealed that: (1) Human wellbeing index increased by 79.99% from 2000 to 2018 and internal structure of the index tended to be more balanced, low income level was an important cause to restrain the overall improvement of human wellbeing, vast majority of counties were still in the middle and poor wellbeing hierarchy, with significant difference between the east and west. (2) Ecosystem service value per capita (PESV) was negatively associated with human wellbeing, especially in the educational dimension. (3) Influence of ecosystem services showed hierarchical heterogeneity, the adverse effect of PESV tended to slow down with the increasing of human wellbeing hierarchy, arable and forestland were found to be the key ecosystems, which imposed larger marginal returns on the high wellbeing hierarchy, arable ecosystem was positive influential factors while forestland was opposite. (4) In terms of control variables, the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries, urbanization rate as well as investment in fixed assets per capita exhibited significant positive influence on each human wellbeing hierarchy, and the marginal contributions to the poor wellbeing hierarchy was greater.