Abstract: For the strong agricultural country building, the primary task is to ensure national food security.The production efficiency of peasant households is highly related to the stability of national grain output and grain strategic security. Based on the survey data of rice farmers in Jiangsu province, the production efficiency of farmerswas measuredbased on the translogarithmic stochastic frontier production function modelin this paper. Furthermore, the influence of the development of agricultural industry chain on the production efficiency of farmers was investigated from the perspective of agricultural productive service supply. The influencing mechanism of the scale of production investment, production investment structure and formal credit access of farmers on production efficiency of farmerswere also explored.It was found that the average productivity of the sample farmerswasas highas 0.87,although there was still a productivity loss of 13%. The service of agricultural industry chain had significant promoting effects on the production efficiency,especiallyfor small-scale farmers. By encouraging farmers to increase the scale of land operation and agricultural machinery input per unit of land, agricultural industry chain services promoted farmers to replace labor with machinery input, expanded the scale of land operation instead of purchasing agricultural machinery, and improved farmers' access to formal credit to promote their production efficiency. Policy suggestions were put forward to strengthen the service level of the agricultural industry chain, to adjust the supply of agricultural industry chain services to different conditions, and to innovate the supply of rural financial products.