Abstract: This study aimed to explore the relationship between the spatial distribution of water quality and land use types in the Yangtze River Delta region. Monthly average data for nine key water quality indicators, including dissolved oxygen concentration, pH value, total nitrogen concentration, total phosphorus concentration, permanganate index, water temperature, ammonia nitrogen concentration, conductivity, and turbidity, were collected from 316 monitoring stations in 2021. Buffer zones of 500 meters and 2000 meters, as well as sub-basin buffers centered around the stations, were established for analysis. The research employed a combination of methods including the comprehensive factor evaluation approach, Pearson correlation analysis, and redundancy analysis. The findings of this study revealed the following: (1) The overall water quality in the Yangtze River Delta region was of high quality, categorized as Grade II. Key pollutants included nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter. Notably, total phosphorus concentration exhibited regional variations, with higher levels observed in the southwest and lower levels in the northeast. (2) Distinct variations between dry and wet seasons were evident, with conductivity, total nitrogen, and dissolved oxygen concentrations being higher during the dry seasons compared to the wet seasons. (3) Land use types exerted a significant influence on water quality. At a smaller scale, agricultural land was identified as the primary driver of water quality variations. Additionally, the impact of forested land on water quality was more pronounced during the dry seasons than the wet seasons. At a larger scale, forested areas played a substantial role in regional water quality. In light of these insights, this study underscored the positive implications of implementing both targeted agricultural management practices at the local scales and broader measures such as afforestation and wetland restoration at the regional scales for effective water ecological management in the Yangtze River Delta region.