Abstract: Meteorological and socio-economic data from 124 rice-producing counties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 1996 to 2020 were used in this study. A two-way fixed-effect model was adopted to investigate the impact of climate changes on rice yield in this region. The findings were as follows: (1) The increase of effective accumulated temperature had a significant positive impact on the yield of all three types of rice, while the accumulated hot damage temperature had no significant impact. There was an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship between radiation duration and early rice yield, as well as a similar inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship between precipitation and the yield of middle and late rice. (2) The analysis by growth stages found that the increase in harmful accumulated temperature during the concurrent vegetative and reproductive growth stages of middle rice and the vegetative growth stage of late rice had a significant negative impact on yield. The long difference test indicated that the production systems of middle and late rice had been adapted to the changes in accumulated hot damage temperature during these two stages. (3) By simulating the adjustment of transplanting dates and considering the constraints of the safe transplanting period, it was found that advancing the transplanting date of early and late rice to April 8th was most conducive to rice production. This study provided empirical support for the cultivation management of different types of rice in different growth stages in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.