Abstract: Yao′an County is one of the counties of selfremedy in the upper and middle reaches of The Yangtze River Project .In Yangpaihe small watershed ,the construction of four runoff plots in the same area, are the compared land, artificial renewal land, closing hillsides land and the sloping plantation land，respectively.The interference and invasion of human activities on the nature was controlled to improve the selfrestoration of ecology in this large area. The authors studied the important value of vegetation, soil physiochemical properties, the water and soil holding capacity and the economic benefits. Results show that：①The speed of plant rehabilitation is rapid after selfremedy of ecology. The vegetation coverage is all above 60%；②The soil structure and the nitrogen content are improved after ecology restoration；③The water holding and soil holding capacity is improved；④Economic benefits increased obviously.

Key words: selfremedy of ecology, soil and water conservation, vegetation coverage, Yao′an County