According to the development and characters of industry construction in Wuhan Metropolitan Area,this article analysed the industrial structure and evolution with using the method of deviationshare analysis and another two indicators.The result revealed that in the last 20 years,the overall industrial structure of Wuhan Metropolitan Area fluctuated obviously.The difference in different industries between different cities changed a lot in different periods.Wuhan City enjoys the fast development in the total area,and the medium circle has a obvious promotion on its industry contribution.But the peripheral circle drops behind.The internal industrial chain might not have developed well,and the internal industrial contact is still weak.The evolvement shows a process which looks like a converse“U”,although the industrial structure of Wuhan city matured much more,but other cities still need further development.

Highefficient and intensive use of urban land is an essential request for sustainable urban development.Based on connotation of intensive land use and the evaluation principle of intensive deployment of city land,this paper establishes a set of scientific and practical index system in evaluating the intensive utilization of city land,and conducts a demonstration analysis in 13 cities of Jiangsu Province by the way of multifactor comprehensive evaluation,rank correlation coefficient and cluster analysis.During the last ten years from 1997 to 2006,the urban land use intensity had increased in all cites,but varied in amplitude and mode in different cities.Urban land use intensity was descending sharply from the southern and the middle to the northern part of Jiangsu Province,in which Nanjing was the tiptop and Suqian was the lowest .Finally,this paper analyses the driving forces which caused this phenomenon of spacetemporal variance of urban land use intensity,such as regional economic environment,economic development level,urban functions,properties and scale,etc

By using Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA),a comparative research on urban landuse benefit in 30 provincial capitals was carried out,from the aspects of urban land's inputs and outputs.The results are as follows:(1)Among 30 provincial capitals,Shanghai,Hangzhou,Guangzhou and Kunming are DEA efficient,but the rest are not;(2)While Nanjing and Harbin are in the development stage of decreasing scale merit,Shanghai,Hangzhou,Guangzhou and Kunming are in the development stage of invariable scale merit,the rest are in the development stage of increasing return to scale;(3)Benefit of land use is different in different provincial capitals,and increases from the west to the east.Besides,nonintensive land utilization exists at large.Finally,several effective measures for enhancing the benefit of urban landuse are put forward.

After reviewing the weaknesses of some of the existing hydrological models in simulating the hydrological processes for largescale catchments，a new distributed hydrologic model—WATLAC was developed.The model is gridbased adopting relatively simple mathematical formulations with a reduced number of parameters.In order to verify the capabilities of the model in terms of simulating largescale catchment with a long simulation time，Ganjiang River catchment (817 × 104 km2)，the largest subcatchment of Poyang Lake watershed，was selected as the study area in this paper.The spatial heterogeneity of the catchment was simulated by discretized grids.Based on the resolution of the surface data，a grid size of 4 km×4 km was selected in the model.Input data including surface and subsurface grid information for the model were prepared by using ArcGIS.The model was calibrated against the observed daily stream flows at Waizhou and Xiajiang stations from 1960 to 1989.In the calibration period for 1960~1969，the correlation coefficients for daily，monthly and annual stream flows at the two gauging stations varied from 081 to 093，and the NashSuttclife efficiency coefficients (Ens) were in the range of 079~099.The relative errors between the simulated and the observed runoff volume were less than 8%.In the validation period of 1970~1989，the correlation coefficients for daily，monthly and annual stream flows varied from 076 to 092，and the NashSuttclife efficiency coefficients (Ens) were in the range of 075~091.The relative errors between the simulated and the observed runoff volume were less than 2%.Results indicate that the modeled stream flows match well with the observed ones，and the model is satisfactorily tested in Ganjiang River catchment.The model may be suitable for largescale hydrological modeling，and has a good application prospect in assisting water resources management.

Tianmu Lake,located in Jiangsu Province,is a deeper artificial lake,in fact a reservoir,which is quite different from many large natural shallow lakes in the Yangtze River Delta.It is an import water source for drinking,industry and agriculture in the surrounding area.But,the water quality in Tianmu Lake has deteriorated in recent years.To realize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination characteristics in Tianmu Lake,7 surface sediment samples from different parts in the lake were collected in 2006.The concentration of 16 PAHs identified as priority pollutants by the USEPA,were measured by gas chromatography equipped with a mass spectrometry detector (GC/MS).Total concentration of the PAHs ranged from 28750 to 71393 ng/g dry weight,with an average of 458.52 ng/g.The PAH concentration in the surface sediments increased from southern to northern part,indicating that the northern part is in proximity to the incoming PAH source because the tourism industry has been developing rapidly in recent years.The observed PAH contamination levels in Tianmu Lake is lower than those found in river and lake surface sediments in the Yangtze River Delta in China.According to the observed molecular indices,PAHs originated largely from the hightemperature pyrolytic process.A good correlation between TOC content and the total PAH concentration was observed (R ²=0.897 7).Referring to sediment quality guidelines,only the concentration of Fluorene in Sample 1 is more than the effectrange low (ERL) value,but less than the effectrange median (ERM) value,so the toxicity of PAHs in the sediments of Tianmu Lake is relatively low. However,the mean concentration level of total 16 PAHs in the surface sediments is higher than that found in surface sediments of Nansi Lake in the east line of SouthNorth Water Transfer Project.Because of the water exchange period in Tianmu Lake is long,the problem of PAH contamination must be paid much more attention and certain measures should be taken to protect ecological environment of Tianmu Lake.

In recent years,the occurrence of extreme events such as floods is rising throughout the worldwide.The better understanding on the relationships among climate change,human activities and the flood occurrence will allow water authorities to make more rational decisions on flood control and management.The annual and seasonal precipitation,temperature,relative humidity and sunshine duration in the Taihu Basin from 1954 to 2006 were analyzed to obtain the spatialtemporal characteristics of longterm trend by using the MannKendall trend test and departure curve method.The results showed that the air temperature and precipitation all exhibited an increasing tendency,and the MannKendall slopes are 0.27℃/10 a and 1.97 mm/10 a，respectively;the relative humidity and sunshine duration showed a decreasing tendency,and the MannKendall slopes are -0.99%/10 a and -7.8 h/a，respectively during the past 53 years.In addition,the results indicate that there is a large seasonal difference of variation for trend in the Taihu Basin, and there is remarkable warming trend in winter,and great increasing of precipitation in summer and winter.In spring and autumn,the intensity and extent of relative humidity variation is larger than that in other seasons.The sunshine duration in four seasons decreased but the magnitude of trend in spring is weak.The magnitude of precipitation increases from northern to southeastern parts,the longterm trend decreases in northern parts and increases in southeastern area.The air temperature remarkably increased over the basin,but strongly in northeastern and southern parts.The longterm trend of sunshine greatly decreased in the study area and the amplitude of the sunshine decreases from western to eastern parts.The results will be helpful to further investigate the impact of the climate change on water resources and flood prevention in the Taihu Basin.It will also provide scientific references for the development of future climate change scenarios in the Taihu Basin.

Multivariate statistical techniques including cluster analysis and discriminant analysis were performed on a water quality data set collected in 9 sites of the Du River in Hubei Province during 2006~2007,aiming at identifying spatialtemporal characteristics of water quality,assisting watershed management and water resource protection and utilization.The results indicate that water quality had significant seasonal variations except Cl-,TDS and Turbidity.Temperature,pH,NO-3,TP is significantly higher in flood seasons than in dry seasons,while SO2-4,HCO-3,NH+4,DO show the opposite trend,that is,in flood season significantly lower levels are observed than in dry season.Grouping the sampling sites based on cluster analysis and recognizing the discriminant parameters based on discriminant analysis which can account for most of the spatial variation in water quality.The sampling sites are classified into 4 classes.Only four discriminant parameters (NO-3,TDS,SO2-4,HCO-3) are identified in discriminant analysis for 4 clusters,which can reflect the overall water quality of the spatial variation.

The worldfamous“Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR)”is situated on the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.The construction of this reservoir will probably be finished in 2009 when the final water level will reach 175meter and the reservoir will cover 10 000 km2 of region. No doubt,this huge water body will influence the regional climate to a certain extent.It never occurred such a dramatic intervention in the local environment in the mankind history.Thus the atmosphere problems related to the TGR have attracted a lot of interest from most meteorologists around the world.Based on the rainfall and temperature observation data of 33 stations in the TGR area during the period 1961 to 2006,the climate characteristics of rainfall and temperature changes since the water storage of TGR are analyzed.The rainfall amount and mean temperature before water storage were compared with those after storage,and also the water effect on regional climate was analyzed by rainfall amount ration or temperature difference of nearTGR and farTGR observations.Results show a decreasing rainfall trend in the past three years over the TGR area,which is consistent with the climate change over Southwest China.Meanwhile,the expanding water surface area of reservoir seems to have increasing temperature effect in winter and decreasing effect in summer.However,the impacts from TGR are by no means fully understood from 3year observations,and there is still a lot to be deal with the environment problems by carrying out long time insitu observations and developing more technical analysis in the future.

Based on the data of daytoday maximum temperature during 1960~2007 that recorded by the 23 meteorological stations in Chongqing City and the height field grid data of NCEP/NCAR,exploring EOF and REOF,abnormal spatial distributional features in Chongqing City were studied in detail.A contrast analysis was made of the difference in the largescale atmospheric circulation between 2006 year,the years with morethannormal high temperature days and the years with lessthannormal high temperature days from July to August in Chongqing City.The results show that,high temperature weather appears mainly in July and August every year,the high temperature days have obvious chronological and regional distinctions,with the least in 1980 s and the most in 1970 s,besides,the Yangtze River and Wujiang River are the locations with frequent high temperature weather in Chongqing City.The consistently abnormal distribution is the principal spatial mode of high temperature days in Chongqing City;it is found that the spatial mode can be divided into three key areas:they are the Midwest of Chongqing City,the southeast of Chongqing and the northeast of Chongqing City.Morethannormal high temperature weather occurs widely when blocking high is weak from the Ural Mountain to the Okhotsk Sea,East Asia trough is shallow,the South Asia High is more eastward than that in the normal year,the West Pacific Subtropical High is more northward and more westward than that in the normal year,the South Asia High on upper levels superposes on the West Pacific Subtropical High on lower levels.

In the recent years，the urban heatisland effect is strengthening continuously and it has become a prominent urban environmental problem.As one of the biggest cities along the Yangtze River，Chongqing City has the developed industry and rapidexpanding economy，meanwhile the heat island effect is obvious，however it was rarely studied.With Landsat5 TM image of the year 2007 as the data source，this paper first had an inversion of the land surface temperature of Chongqing City with monowindow algorithm；secondly it gave a partition of the planetary brightness temperature hierarchical，and thirdly it studied both the intensity of Chongqing City urban heatisland effect and the spatial pattern distribution and the features from several perspectives，for example the overlay analysis of the urban land use type and NDVI，etc.The above analysis indicates that the urban island effect is obvious and it is not welldistributed；the influences of different landuse types on the heatisland effect vary；and the urban land surface brightness temperature has a significant linearnegative correlation with NDVI.Finally，combining the special terrain of Chongqing City，this paper proposes some countermeasures and solutions for urban heatisland effect，including enhancing the urban planning and adjusting the city layout；constructing the optimal structure of green belts and improving the urban green coverage rate；changing the structure of energy sources，improving the efficiency of the energy utilization and controlling the petrolengine waste gas emission of factories.Hopefully this study could provide a basis of scientific policy for the ecological environmental construction and the urban programming，management and environmental protection department；and finally helps realizing the harmonious sustainable development of human society and biological environment.

Rainfall erosivity is a fundamental factor for quantitative monitoring and assessment of soil erosion.Analysis of the spatialtemporal characteristics of R value in the storage areas of Manwan Hydropower Station may supply good advices to prevent soil erosion effectively in local region.The paper studied on rainfall erosivity (R value) and its spatialtemporal distributions in the storage areas of Manwan Hydropower Station,based on the continuous rainfall data from 1980 to 2000 at four weather stations.The results indicate that the highest R value in this region is 3 9727 MJ·mm/hm2·h,while the lowest is 1 9336 MJ·mm/hm2·h.In general,the seasonal distribution of precipitation is analogical with that of rainfall erosivity on concentration extent.The rainfall erosivity is mainly distributed in the period from May to October in all stations and the rainfall erosivity of continuous three months (June~August) accounts for over half of that in a year on average.Annual rainfall erosivity in all stations fluctuates periodically,and the annual change of rainfall erosivity shows the positive trends in most parts since 1980's.The rainfall erosivity tends to increase by 2835 MJ·mm/hm2·h from 1980 to 2000.There are a lot of differences between the annual changes of rainfall and rainfall erosivity.The spatial distributions of the annual rainfall show that R value is the highest in Fengqing,and it is the lowest in Nanjian.

Facing to the situation of the more and more serious eutrophication of water body and frequent eruption of water bloom,the earlywarning of water bloom has become urgent affairs in order to reduce the frequency and losses of water bloom eruption.The water bloom is a product of combined factor action,these factors include nutrient accumulation,climate and hydraulic condition,on the basis of dynamic monitoring information fusion,it is necessary to seek the innuendo relationship between the water bloom and these influencing factors,so the information fusion technology is needed.Through summarizing the research advance of the multisource information fusion technology in water bloom earlywarning for interior lake,according to the present practical demands of water bloom earlywarning,the study prospect and concrete ideas which based on the mutisource information fusion technology of decisionmaking support system for water bloom earlywarning are proposed.Information fusion technology provides a good platform for earlywarning of water bloom.The regional incomplete observation information coming from the different information sources(hydrology, weather,water environment quality and environmental remote sensing etc.) could be integrated and complemented by the information fusion technology,and the superabundance and conflict among the multiinformation could be eliminated.On the basis of it,the relatively integrated sensing and describtion of erupting environment of water bloom could be presented.Therefore, the effeciency of earlywarning and emergency response could be improved,and the time and space resolution ratio could be improved,and monitoring area of the information could be extended.

Based on the analysis of the ecoeconomic system health characteristic and sifting principle of indices,a set of diagnose indices of ecoeconomic system in county dimension was established.Using the analytic hierarchy process,adopting mean square deviation of higher accuracy index weight,the agriculture and forestry compound ecosystem overall evaluation model has been established by applying multihierarchical synthesis method and the linearity adds weightingfunction method on time dimension.Taking the county as the unit,ecoeconomic system healthy situation of farming and forestry compound of county territory has been studied in the laterite rolling region.Study result indicates that the healthy of ecoeconomic system is an upward tendency year by year from 1980 to 2005,economy health aspect is rising steadily year by year,society health is rising with fluctuation,but resource environment health is descend after rising first,and then is relatively stable.Leading into the barrier concept,the healthy obstacle diagnose is carried out.The result shows that the obstacle factor is economic indices mainly before 1991,resource environment indices mainly after 1997.

As an index of abilities of response，resistance and adaptation to the change of environment，resilience，which play the same role with vulnerability (another attribute of hazardaffected body)，enriched and defined exactly the characteristics of hazardaffected bodies when it was introduced to the field of natural disaster.It is urgent to study on resilience，such as how to define natural disaster resilience，diagnose and evaluate it，because of little researches on them at present.Based on land use investigation data and home inquiry data，using mathematical analysis methods，the paper analyzed the relationship between agricultural drought resilience and land use structure，economic and educational conditions of farmers in Gaopai River watershed of Dingcheng district，Hunan province.The results show that，the physiognomy types and altitude decide the agricultural drought resilience on larger scale，and the location of the water sources and its saving capacity，the percentage of paddy and dry land，cultural level，annual net 〖JP2〗income，percentage of nonfarm income are the main influence factors of resilience.It provided a 〖JP〗demonstration case and theoretical basis for further understanding and quantitative evaluation on resilience.

In this paper,the research on the perception of public to social disaster reduction ability and disaster risk help was reported to reveal the potential factors of risk from a public visual angle. This research may provide important links to carry out risk communications, and also basis for decisionmaking to conduct effective disaster reduction propaganda and education and to increase the public consciousness on disaster reduction. Through social survey (221 samples) and statistical analysis method,the authors compared the trust in social disaster reduction ability and public perception of flood risk of Jiujiang and Yichun in Jiangxi Province. The results indicate that the public take a trust attitude to social disaster reduction ability, and the degree of trust ranks as the following: disaster monitoring forecast, government ability in dealing with emergencies, disaster prevention engineering, efficiency of warning dissemination. Between the two regions, the degree of trust in Yichun public is higher; while the perception of public to the risk of flood is weaker, as the Yichun public felt that there was little possibility of flood occurrence, nor the disaster suffering. Public are mainly affected by their suffering experiences during disasters (frequency of disaster, loss in disaster,postdisaster rescue work). That is, the degree of risk of local disaster in different regions led to the difference of public perception.In the region with higher risk,such as in Jiujiang,the public hold clearer behavioral tendency and willingness to reduce risk.