Based on regional sustainable development and evidence from the ambient area of Danjiangkou reservoir in Hubei province, an overall evaluation of sustainable development capability of the reservoir ambient area was analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the difficulties of resettlement restricted sustainable development of the reservoir ambient area; the economy growth was slow and construction of infrastructure was lag; the level of urbanization was lower and social contradictions of the reservoir ambient area were obviously; abundance of nature resource and shortage of exploitation coexisted and land resource reduced due to submergence of reservoir ambient area; the quality of environment is better but the ecological basis is flimsy. Using synthesized multiple factor evaluation models the trend of sustainable development capability of the reservoir ambient area from 1999 to 2005 was evaluated in this paper. The results showed that sustainable development capability of reservoir ambient area manifested constant increase trend from 1999 to 2003, but it began to descend smoothly from 2004. The subsystems of population, economy, society, resource and environment presented different characters. Finally, development countermeasures were put forward: undertaking resettlement of people from inundation area and helping them to take employment; reducing and eliminating the poverty of the reservoir resettlement and enhancing investment of infrastructure; speeding up the urbanization step and relieving social contradictions of the reservoir ambient area; utilizing the advantage of water resource and improving ecological environment of the reservoir ambient area.

With the extension of the hypothesis of “Environmental Kuznets Curve”，this paper established econometric models through correlating six kinds of pollution indicators with urbanization level and controlled variables. By using panel data from thirty provinces (cities and municipalities) of China from 1998 to 2005，authors conducted empirical study with the help of Eviews software package. Results demonstrated that invertedU shape relationship was found between four kinds of pollutant indicators and urbanization level，and other two kinds of indicators have U shape relationship with urbanization level. At present，China has moved to the right part of the curves as a whole. Due to the development disparities existing among regions，every province moves to the right part of the curves at different times. With the introduction of controlled variables to the econometric model，the estimated results showed that turningpoint of some curves as well as the U curve relationship between some pollutant indicators and urbanization level all changed. Foreign trade does not necessarily result in environmental deterioration，and the socalled pollution haven hypothesis does not exist in China. The change in industrial structure is an important factor causing environmental pollution. The decrease of energy consumption per unit of GDP induced by technological progress can alleviate the pressure of environmental pollution. Faster economic growth will give rise to more severe environmental pollution.

EcoIndustrial Park is a kind of important carrier of circular economy.Appraising exactly ecoefficiency of EcoIndustrial Park has an important significance for the development of EcoIndustrial Park in China.Based on the theory of ecoefficiency，industry ecology and Standard for Sectorintegrate Ecoindustrial Parks (On trial),the paper proposed the circular economy indictor system.The evaluation method of main components analysis was put forward aiming at present assessment of ecoefficiency,and through case study of three industry gardens that were Suzhou National New & HiTech Industrial Development Zone (SND),Suzhou Industrial Park ecoindustry park (SIP) and Wuxi New District ecoindustry park (WND).Three main components which had maximal influence on ecoefficiency in sample index were got as well as grade and total grade of main in samples.The results showed that ecoefficiency of SIP was the highest in the three parks and that of SND was the lowest.According to the evaluation results of different components,the weak links are identified respectively.In addition,application and advantage of main components analysis used in ecoefficiency of ecoindustry symbiosis system were explained thoroughly.

By the method of geostatistics combined with GIS，spatial variability of soil nutrients and pH value were studied in a farmland covering an area of 2562 hm2,located at Sanqishi Town in Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province.The result showed that semivariograms of soil nutrients were best described by exponential model;the ratios of nugget and sill of available kalium,OM and pH value were lower than twentyfive percent,which showed their strong spatial correlation;while that of available phosphorus and available nitrogen were in the range between 25% and 75%,which showed medium spatial correlation.By using Kriging interpolation and according to the nutrients' criterion of classification,we could master the levels and characteristics of spatial variability of nutrients of soil.In general,the contents of available nitrogen,available phosphorus and OM were rich in the studied area,while that of available kalium were between moderate and low.The value of pH was low and the soil showed acidic.By the principle components analysis combined with Kriging,the general status of the soil nutrients could be appraised.The investigation results could supply scientific foundation and reference for appropriate fertilization,sitespecific management and effectively controlling agricultural nonpoint source pollution for local area and similar areas in the Yangtze River Delta.

With the aid of RS and GIS techniques,the characteristics of agricultural soil resources reduction caused by urban expansion was studied during 1984～2003 in the region along the Yangtze River of Jiangsu Province.The results indicated that during 1984～2000,agricultural soil resources in the region along the Yangtze River of Jiangsu Province mainly reduced around center urbans and the area of occupied soil was big and its spatial distribution was relatively equal.However during 2001～2003,agricultural soil resources in this region decreased faster and showed a large disproportion among cities.In this period,the agricultural soil resource reduction was mainly concentrated on Changzhou county,Jiangyin county,Taixing county and Changshu county,except for Nanjing city.From 1984～2003 the quantity of agricultural soil resources decreased by 891% and the total reduced area of agricultural soil resources was 190 713 hm2.All types of agricultural soil showed a decreasing trend in quantity,among those paddy soils was largest in area reduction.The soil resources in this region were divided into 5 classes according to fertility quality.The influence extent of urban expansion on agricultural soil resources of Ⅰ～Ⅴ classes was lowering successively during 1984～2000. However during 2001～2003 the order was Ⅴ,II,Ⅳ,III,Ⅰ because the influence extent of urban expansion on agricultural soil resources of Ⅰand III classes obviously decreased and that of II, Ⅳ and Ⅴ classes increased.

As the basement of reasonable land use and adjustment,evaluation of land use efficiency is important for coordinative development among regions and socioeconomic and ecoenvironment in Jiangsu Province.Firstly,the evaluation indicator system of comprehensive land use efficiency is established,which consists of 22 evaluating indicators and three subgoals of social efficiency,economic efficiency and ecoenvironment efficiency.Then the weighted multiplefactors synthetic appraisement method is applied to the evaluation of comprehensive land use efficiency.Simultaneously,the coordinated degree among the three subgoals is also analyzed.Based on the relative value，comprehensive efficiency and coordinated degree are classified into three grades of high,moderate and low. According to the combination status of comprehensive efficiency and coordinated degree of each county or city,the whole province is divided into three types,i.e.land use area with high efficiency and coordinated degree,land use area with moderate efficiency and basic coordinated degree and land use area with low efficiency and basic coordinated degree.On the whole,comprehensive efficiency and coordinated degree decreased gradually from south to north,which was caused mainly by socioeconomic development level. Based on the results,Jiangsu Province should make different land use strategy and relative policies to promote the coordinative development among regions and socioeconomic and ecoenvironment.

In the process of rapid urbanization，land use patterns are going through changes and have significant impacts on the system of earth surface.Therefore，it is very important to study land use change processes and possible tendencies.This paper selected Wuxi district as the study area，which has rapid urbanization and prominent ecoenvironmental pressure.Historical land use scenarios for 1980，1995 and 2000 were analyzed to track land use change by TM/ETM image explanation and spatial analysis of Arcgis software.And relief image，transportation images，urban extent images were also integrated.The SLEUTH model，a cellbased tempospatial process model，was applied to interpret historical land use change patterns and simulate future change scenarios.Then land use change trends under different land protection situations were revealed according to these scenarios.The result showed that the precision of historical land use change simulation was high.Based on the coefficient calibration result and grayscales of land pattern in excluded layer，two land use change scenarios were simulated.The “scenario I” assumes that land use patterns will follow the trend of historical land use change，in which urban space will rapidly grow with huge encroachment of arable land.However the “scenario II” enhances paddy field protection intensity by 50 percent，dry field by 12 percent，forest and grass by 50 percent.The result shows that the rapid growth trend of urban space is restricted well and arable land is protected.The study also testifies the applicability of SLEUTH model in analyzing land use tempospatial process in rapid urbanization region of China.

Evergreen land coverage is the typical type of landscape in Poyang Lake watershed,accounting for 4005% of whole landscape.It includes three main types,i.e.evergreen broadleaf forest,evergreen needleleaf forest and evergreen mixed forest.By using multitemporal SPOT4VEGETATION sensor data,this paper analyzed the characteristic values of the evergreen land coverage,such as greenness value,crest value,trough value,integral of NDVI (NDVII),difference between the maximum and minimum NDVI (NDVIMM),etc.Both NDVII and minimum NDVI vary as “evergreen broadleaf forest>needle and broadleaved mixed evergreen forest>evergreen needleleaf forest>needleleaf and deciduous mixed evergreen forest”.The annual NDVI curve in typical evergreen broadleaf forest had no obvious change,while needleleaf and deciduous mixed evergreen forest had a single peak.

It is very important for the safeguard of national food security，ecological conservation and construction，the economic development of middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to protect soil and water resources and ecological environment in Sichuan.In this paper，a systematic analysis and estimate has been done on soil and water resources and the status of ecological protection in Sichuan，encountering to a series of problems，such as extensive and consuming soil erosion，serious desertification and degradation of grassland，increasingly acute contradictions land，potential crises of food，low utilization of water resources and the severe drought，five countermeasures about sustainable use of water and soil resources and ecological environment protection have been put forward，which were practically protecting farming resources，keeping up total quantity and quality of basic farmland with the present level；ascertaining defarming and reafforestation area，steadying and protecting existing cultivated area；intensifying the improvement of lowmedium yielding farmlands，saving the intensive using of limited land；economizing water use and enhancing hydraulic engineering construction，raising use factor and supply power of the water resources；enhancing comprehensive control of soil erosion.

Changes of fishing structure and biodiversity before and after three years′ spring fishing off were analyzed and the effects of the spring fishing off were assessed preliminarily according the monitoring data by drift net in Yibin，Banan and Wanzhou reaches of the upper Yangtze River in 2000~2005.Altogether 51 fish species belonging to 36 genera，18 families (subfamilies) and 3 orders were collected，and Cyprinidae was the dominant，accounting for 60.8% of the total species.After three years′ spring fishing off，dominances of the main species decreased，CPUE of part reaches increased，and Margalef diverdity index，Pielou evenness index and Wilhm Modified ShannonWiener diversity index of the three reaches showed the rising tendency，which indicated the richness of species number and complication of community structure，and the positive ecological effects by the spring fishing off.The fluctuation of fish species before and after the spring fishing off might result from those species with small population size and difficulty to be caught.Furthermore，decreasing trend of average body length and body weight of the main species might be by reason of the pressure from overfishing and difficult restoration in a short period.It is suggested that longer fishing off period and controlled capture efforts after the spring fishing off season should be carried out in order to improve the effects of the spring fishing off，while other conservation measures such as reconnection of rivelake，protection of water quality in important fishery areas and ecological operation of hydrological projects should be put into practice.Restoration and conservation of fishery resources in the Yangtze River is a complex project with a long period，and longterm monitoring and more studies in the future are needed for precision assessments on effects of the spring fishing off.

Based on the 45 years measured data of runoff series from the Manhao Station that is the main controlling hydrological station in the downstream of Honghe River，the basic characteristics of runoff variability have been analyzed by using MannKendall，cluster technique method，accumulated deviation and other statistical methods.The results showed that the measure runoff distribution was nonuniform intra year and small change in years，and the Cv of annual runoff is 0263.There is a slow ascending trend for annual runoff and the stages of variety process are clear.Measure runoff of Manhao Station was reverted to natural runoff and the results showed that the mean water resources consumption was accounted for 292%.Both annual runoff and runoff coefficient have jumps of increase occurred around 1965 and 1994.On the contrary，both annual precipitation and evaporation have no jump.The variability of NDVI indicated that vegetation in the downstream of Honghe River was destroyed so severely in 1993.Consequently，the jumps of runoff were major influenced by activity of humanity while the trend change was affected by the precipitation.

The four Chinese farmed carps,i.e.black carp,grass carp,silver carp and bighead carp are economically important species in the Yangtze River.In the recent two or three decades,the resource abundance of these fish has abruptly declined.There are many influenced factors,in which the largescale water control project constructing is one of the most important reasons.In order to conserve these four species and provide the basis for ecological operation of largescale water control project,nine ecohydrological indicators in the middle reach of the Yangtze River,including the flow rise number,total flow rise days,starting stream flow,increasing rate of stream flow,continuous period of rising of water level in a flood period,et al. have been used and quantitative analyzed during the breeding season.It was found,there were no significant differences between the spawning grounds and common reaches for the nine indicators.It means that the selected indicators are only the necessary conditions for the four freshwater fishes spawning,but not the whole influencing elements.After Three Gorges Project began to run in 2003,most of the selected ecohydrological indices have no significant changes in the breeding season in Jiangkou typical spawning ground section,but the increasing rate of water level has been reduced slightly in the same section.Due to the time series data after Three Gorges Project storing water were short and the water situations of the 2004～2006 year were special,it was still unable to quantitatively analyze the influence of the four fish spawning grounds by the Three Gorges Project construction.

A brief introduction to the concept and types of fish migration and its restoration was given in this paper.The legislation,policy,financing,approach, monitoring,evaluation of effectiveness and efficiency,exchange of information and public participation for restoration of fish migration in foreign countries such as European Union,United States of America,Australia and Japan was elaborated on with a focus on their achievements and experiences.It was suggested that China should adopt the same strategies as those countries and pay more attention to such aspects as legislating, planning,diversified investment,technology supporting system,key technology and public participation.

Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is a kind of surfactant，developed and manufactured by 3M Company，USA，and is widely used in industry and agriculture.PFOS can migrate into the air，aquatic area and soil environment media in different ways.Investigation demonstrated that PFOS was toxic and was listed as an emerging persistent organic pollutant (POP)，which can be bioaccumulated through foodchain.In 2006，the European parliament and the council passed regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (perfluorooctane sulfonates).Based on the existing data of PFOS levels from China and Asia coast areas as well as from the aquatic environment of the USA，the authors performed ecological risk assessment (ERA) of PFOS using hazard quotient method.The result showed that the ecological risk of PFOS in China and Asia water area is lower than that of US.A mathematical model is established and applied for human health risk assessment of PFOS，and the hazardous sequence of PFOS is parts of China area

Microcystis aeruginosa,a kind of bloom algae,may cause severe damage in lakes,reservoirs and some other water bodies in China.In the present study,direct ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method was used to measure the phosphate uptake of unicellular M.aeruginosa.The concentration of uptake phosphate was equal to the concentration value measured by ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method after subtracted from dissoluble total phosphate.Comparing the results of three kinds of pretreatments (hydrochloric acid,ultrasonic fragmentation and frigorific fragmentation treatment),it is found that polyphosphate (phosphate) was not dissociated in cells of M.aeruginosa but associated with bioactivity components of the cells.According to the determination method,the phosphorus uptake of M.aeruginosa,which was cultured in modified MIII cultures,was studied under different N,P concentrations.The results showed that:①Under constant N/P ratio,N/P=7/15,the accumulated quantity of phosphorus in M.aeruginosa increased with the increased initial P concentration in the media;②Under the constant N concentration,the phosphorus uptake of M.aeruginosa was correlated positively with the initial P concentration;③Under the constant P concentration,the accumulation of phosphorus by M.aeruginosa was correlated negatively with the initial N concentration,but the trend was not obvious and the effect of initial N concentration on the uptake P quantity became ruleless when the initial N concentration reached a higher level (21 mg/L).

For the restoration of Dajiuhu subalpine wetland in Mt.Shennongjia,wetland environmental background and degradation factors were estimated,and then proposals about wetland protection,utilization and ecological restoration were put forward based on a joint scientific investigation.Items of the investigation include geomorphology/topography,geological structure,stratum,karst and swallow holes,water quality,runoff,wetland vegetation,wetland evolvement and human activities.It showed that the irrigation works and landuse changes directly influenced wetland evolvement.The activities from 1986 such as ditches digging,holes dredging and bog draining are the main factors resulting in wetland ecological degradation.Lakes disappearing,bog shrinking,biodiversity decreasing,sphagnum demolishing,water quality deteriorating and wetland ecosystem changing to terrestrial ecosystems are the main appearance of the wetland degradation.According to these findings of the investigation,related principles,projects,organization and fund on countermeasures to wetland protection and ecological restoration were presented at last.

The purification effects of the sphagnum wetland on the contaminated water were studied.Two kinds of compounds (which are phosphate and bluestone) were used as pollutants in this study and the simulation boxes were introduced into the study.10 L polluted water was added into every box,using four grads of concentration of each element-0,100,1000,1000 mg/L.The experimental results indicated that:the purification rate of the three kinds of water polluted by the phosphate(concentrations are 10,100,100 mg/L,respectively) were 939%，695%，663% after two hours' purification of the sphagnum wetland,while purification rate polluted by the bluestone under the same condition were 1000%，976%，880%.So a conclusion is made that the purification ability of the sphagnum wetland is very high,and the turf plays an important part in purification of the sphagnum wetland.The dynamic processes of the purification of the sphagnum wetland were tested using six kinetic models.The processes could be described well by pseudosecondorder kinetic model,Elovich model,twoconstant rate model,hyperbolic diffusion model.However,considering the prediction,pseudosecondorder kinetic model is the best.

The evolution processes for Meiizhou reach in the Yangtze River were studied based on the digital elevation models (DEM) of the lower reach of the Yangtze River for the years of 1959，1970，1983，1992 and 2003.Three profiles were investigated.The shift velocities of the waterfront of the profiles，1#，2# and 3#，were respectively 500，1880 and 4364 m/a，in the stage before the construction of the revetment.But these decreased to 115，600 and 9.15 m/a thereafter.The shift velocities of the thalweg changed from 845，3118 and 5000 m/a to 550，535 and 475 m/a，the proportion of the width and depth，changed from 424，320 and 257 to 393，278 and 225.These results indicate that since the revetment has been finished，the shift range of left bank and thalweg has decreased distinctly and the channel planar distortion is controlled effectively.The shoal head of Meizizhou has become deeper and narrower.The river channel shows the tendency of stability.The Third Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge has good effect on controlling the evolution process of the Meizizhou reach in the Yangtze River.

A thematic content analysis has been applied to extract a set of common themes from the definitional literature.The steps were as followed：collection of samples，analysis of identified criteria，coding of definitions，recording of results in the conceptual framework，assessment of reliability and accuracy，and tabulation of results.The sample in this study includes 36 contemporary definitions of river health，all of which were published after 1995.Of the fourteen criteria used for analysis，six were identified as appearing most frequently in the definitional literature，including: maintaining structure integrity，exerting natural ecological function，meeting the demands of society，river ecosystem in good state，goal for river management，building reference condition for river.Based on these six distinct criteria，a definition for river health is presented.River health is a term used to describe the ecological condition of a river in good state，which can be used as a reference condition and the goal for river management.A healthy river is defined as a river，which retains the major ecological feature and natural functioning，and meets the demands of society.After the steps of content analysis，30 literatures were used in this paper to extract the most often used indicators for river health characterization.The results reveal that the indicators are water quality，aquatic life，physical form，bed condition，hydrology and streamside zone.Furthermore，indicators and its standard should be differential according to river function.

In order to perfect the method of integration evaluation of environment water use in river，the new dilution ratio was established with the river water contamination，waste water contamination，the control contamination and the sewage discharge limit permit value were introduced based on the law of inout river water cycle from aspect of environment water use in the river.The quality and quantity integration evaluation of river environment water use was further discussed and the water quantity and water quality calculation method of environment water use in dualistic water cycle was improved and the criteria for environment water use were reestablished.The model of quality and quantity integration evaluation of river ecoenvironment water use was perfected.Taking the Yellow River from 2002 to 2005 as demonstration，the new integration evaluation model was applied.Results showed as followings: Firstly，the environment water use ratio is 33.5%～54.5%，which is at the “good” in Tennant levels，but the quality state does not meet with the environment demand，when the sewage was the stair eligible disposed and discharged and no water was transferred.Secondly，when the sewage deepen disposal reduced COD contamination to 95mg/L，when no water was transferred，the environment use water in the Yellow River met with the environment demand water in the quality and quantity and the integration evaluation was good.Thirdly，the environment use water ratio was much more increased，and the integration evaluation is good，when the sewage was the stair eligible disposed and from SouthtoNorth 4 billion cubic meters water was transferred.The study has discovered that the quantity lack and the quality worse is the main question of environment use water in the Yellow River.

The European Union has gained remarkable achievements and experiences in the management of transboundary river basins.These achievements and experiences could be used as references for the water environment management in China，especially for the management of transboundary river basins.The transboundary，i.e.international river basin management in European Union，was analyzed from the aspects of legislation，implementation organization and its functions，working mechanisms，financial support and public participation.The situation of the transboundary river basin management in China was also analyzed.On the basis of above analyses，three advices were put forward for the water environment management in China: through the improvement of legislation system，to emphasize clearly the governmental responsibility of supervision and management at different levels，to make full use of the market mechanism，thus to protect the basin coordinately；to compile the comprehensive management plan for transboundary river basins，and to protect the water ecological environment；to encourage the public participation，to improve and accelerate the transboundary river basin management.

The inversion of component temperature is one of many problems in the domain of quantified remote sensing.In comparison with land surface temperature models，the models in component temperature inversion seem relatively immature.In this paper，a component temperature model，using MODIS multibands data was developed.The quantitative relationship between component temperature and land surface temperature was built in the model.In determining the parameters of the model，the character of marsh environment was considered sufficiently.In computing component temperature，the average temperature was acquired using the MODIS land surface temperature inversion model based on the LST model；and then the component temperatures model was constructed to obtain plant temperature and soil temperature.MODIS data (acquired on October 31st，2005) of Poyang Lake district was used to compute component temperature.The validation in the Poyang Lake experiment shows that the error of component temperatures ranges from 15℃ to 21℃.Through analyzing the flexibility of model parameters，it is found that the model developed is relatively steady.It proves that the model built in this paper can effectively separate plant component temperature and soil component temperature.It is a suitable method to compute component temperatures.

Interregional ecoenvironmental relationship (IRER) is a new relationship type among different regions,which comes into being along with the increasingly tough environmental conflicts and differs from interregional social & economic relationship in many aspects.In this paper,the authors made a theoretical research on the IRER,an important subject in the theoretical and practical fields of environmental science,and preliminarily study on the connotation,development,characteristics,types and other foundational aspects (including environmental cooperation and conflicts) of IRER's;Meanwhile,authors expatiated on three causes of formation of interregional environmental conflicts and its countermeasures,and tried to analyze regional environmental problems from the new angle of the environmental conflicts in order to explore new ways to solve the interregional environmental conflicts and the environmental problems.Taking Jiangsu,a developed eastern province of China,as a case,this paper studied on the environmental conflicts and the measures of environmental cooperation between Jiangsu province and its surrounding provincial districts.The result shows that the environmental situation of Jiangsu province is not optimistic,and the conflicts of environmental interests between Jiangsu and other provincial districts will get tougher,for Jiangsu is situated lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River,and is a netimport resources province.It has been suggested for Jiangsu province that environmental cooperation with other regions should be strengthened to resolve the severe regional environmental conflicts.

More than ten years have passed since Tianmushan Nature Reserve jointed into the network of world biosphere reserve.In order to protect the biodiversity and cultural diversity in this reserve，and to make sustainable use of its natural resources，some suggestions on managing the reserve were proposed after authors investigated historical documents，and current status and all related information about the reserve，and visited residents around the reserve.It is considered that great achievements have gained in many aspects，including biodiversity and cultural conservation，scientific research，education and manager training，and sustainable use of resources and ecotourism.But，some problems need urgently to be solved in order to suit the demand of developing.These problems are: 1) the area of the reserve is not large enough；2) whether or not moso bamboo can be explored，and 3) how to curb the degradation of 〖WTBX〗Cryptomeria fortunei〖WTBZ〗 forest and to cure its disease.According to above analyses，three suggestions are proposed as the followings： 1) to enlarge the area；2) to establish a comanaging hierarchy，and 3) to set up a consulting committee.