The Yangtze Delta is a fullfledged metropolis in China.With the construction of ecocity springing up increasingly, cities in the Yangtze Delta also began their ecocity building one after the other, and have acquired important advances in the construction of ecocity.However, there are also some questions such as the nonharmonious development of city socialeconomicenvironmental system and the difficulty to quantify the extent of ecocity construction.Based on the actual circumstance and the actual degree of the social and economic development of the Yangtze Delta, a localcharacter ecocity index system was set up—including city ecological index, city harmony index and ecocity comprehensive index—to evaluate the ecological level, the coordination level and the ecocity construction level of cities in the Yangtze Delta.The results indicated that: (1) as for the construction of ecocity, Suzhou is the best among the 15 cities in the Yangtze Delta, while Nantong the worst; (2) the sustainable development of ecocity is based on the allround development of the city.

Taking Landsat MSS/TM/ ETM+ satellite remote sensing images as data resource，and GIS as charting and analysis method，the relationship between the space and time rule and the shape characteristics of the urban construction land expansion of Nanjing City and the population development were analyzed in this paper，with such indexes as construction land expansion intensity，the centre coordinates，compact ratio，and elasticity coefficient.Using correlation analysis method，the main factors affecting the urban construction land expansion were also identified in this paper.It was revealed that the spatialtemporal variation characteristics of Nanjing urban construction land were obvious from 2001 to 2004，and that Jiangnan main city northeastsouthwest axial and the southeast Jiangning area were the most active expansion parts.Furthermore，during the urban expansion process，compact index reduced and the spatial shape developed to an unsteady state.Since the 21st century，the construction land expansion has been transforming gradually to rationalization direction；but from 1988 to 2001，the expansion elasticity coefficient was insufficiently reasonable；related policy guidance and natural factors were the main affecting factors，and the growth of average salary and the increase of nonagricultural population also played an important role.

Wuhan urban cluster is a city compact region with Wuhan as the center.The long history of industrial development of Wuhan can be divided into three periods：the first period (1840~1949) is the beginning stage，the second one (1949~1994) refers to that of industrial structure strengthening，and the last one (1994~) is that of the industry system adjustment.Correspondingly，the sectional structure and the spatial structure of the regional industry appear to be typically centralized.Taking the added value of the regional manufacture in 2003 as the target，the degree of the spatial configuration of Wuhan City is 50.5％，and the degree of industrial configuration of the top ten manufacturing is 60.6％.According to this，though an incompact economic federation nowadays，it has some foundations to integrate the industries，space and innovation.Based on the statistical data from 2001~2004 of the 9 cities in Wuhan cluster，with indicators of annual average valueadded and increment rate of manufacturing by industrial sector，and by means of calculating and analyzing its region industrial potential ability to develop，it is concluded that we can promote the development of special sectors with regional competitiveness through constructing industrial cluster networks based on iron and steel industry，automobile industry，and electric & communication equipment manufacturing，which can make full use of industrial organization and expand function of innovation in Wuhan City.It is necessary to promote effectively the development of special sectors with regional competitiveness by taking relative policies and measures such as consummating the cluster networks programming，strengthening the region space connection and leading the development of industrial convergenceetc.

The lower Jinshajiang River region is one of the most important parts alongside the Yangtze River economy belt，and also the center of ecological construction and regional socioeconomic development in Southwest China.The four wellknown skeleton hydropower stations of WestEast Electricity Transmission Project，named Xiangjiaba，Xiluodu，Baihetan and Wudongde from the lower reaches of Jinshajiang River to upriver reaches，are all distributed in this area.Based on the analysis of the resource exploitation and industry sustainable development status，current problems and future scenarios，the main conclusions go as follows：(1) There are abundant and varied agricultural resources，widely distributed mineral resources with valuable predominant minerals，potential tourism resources，but some main problems such as lower level of exploration and development，serious waste and pollution，restraints of financing and transportation and ecoenvironmental frangibility still call for immediate solution；(2) Regional economy develops fast but the overall level is low—farming and animal husbandry industries，in which cropplantation takes the main part，dominates in the sectional structure of economy，and forestry and specialty industries need to be further developed.The existed restraints such as unbalanced structural and regional economic distribution，acute structural deficiency and low economic efficiency need to be cleared out of the way to a sustainable future.At last，this paper brought forward that we should make full use of the chance of step hydropower stations' construction and hydropower exploitation，and should take the “characteristic” and “brand” strategy basd on the advantages of resources to find a sustainable way for resource exploitation and industry development in this special area.

The survey showed that 108 fish species representing 15 orders (31 families) in the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province,and two new species and two newprovincerecord species were found.The Cyprinidae consisting of 48 species is the largest family in the number of species,accounting for 44.44%;the Cobitidae and the Bagridae consists of 7 species respectively,accounting for 6.48%;the Gobiidae consists of 6 species,accounts for 5.56%;the Serranidae consisting of 5 species accounts for 4.63%;the Salangidae and the Eleotridae consist of 3 species respectively,accounting for 2.78%;the Engraulinae,the Siluridae,the Mugilidae,the Periophthalmidae and the Taenioididae consist of 2 species respectively,accounting for 1.85%;for the remains,19 families were represented by one species respectively.The dominant species in the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province are 〖WTBX〗Hemiculter leucisculus〖WTBZ〗 (Basilewsky),〖WTBX〗Carassius auratus auratus〖WTBZ〗 (Linnaeus),〖WTBX〗Parabramis pekinensis〖WTBZ〗 (Basilewsky),〖WTBX〗Cyprinus capio〖WTBZ〗 Linnaeus,〖WTBX〗Coilia nasus〖WTBZ〗 Schlegel,〖WTBX〗Hemiculter bleekeri〖WTBZ〗 Warpachowsky,〖WTBX〗Pseudobrama simony〖WTBZ〗 (Bleeker),〖WTBX〗Callionymus olidus〖WTBZ〗 Günther,〖WTBX〗Hypophthalmichthys molitrix〖WTBZ〗 (Valenciennes),〖WTBX〗Ctenopharyngodon idellus〖WTBZ〗 (Valenciennes),and the mean weight of the dominant species is 0.974~292.431g.And the fish resources tend to be young in age and miniaturized in size.Combining monitoring data with historical data of fish in the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province in the period of 2001~2005,it is concluded that there are 161 species of fish (19 orders) in the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province.

Using Chuzhou's land utilization changing data from 1996 to 2005 as the basic material for the research,the quantitative analysis of land utilization structure differentiation in the research area was carried out by means of relevant structural quantitative analysis of diversity index,dominance index and evenness index of landscape ecology.Research results showed that: (1) This method can better unveil the changing rule of recent years' land utilization structure characteristics in Chuzhou;(2) The changing trend of Chuzhou's land utilization structure tends to be diversified and averaged;(3) From 1996 to 2005,the changing intensity of Chuzhou's various land utilization types is: grass land＞transportation land＞garden plot＞virgin land＞forest land＞residential area and industry and mining land＞farmland＞other agricultural land＞irrigation works land;the increase of forest land,residential area and industry and mining land,and other agricultural land is balanced mainly by developing virgin land,farmland,garden plot and grass land;(4) There is a remarkable difference between the relative changing,structural changing of various lands of the main urban areas of Chuzhou and that of every county (city) under Chuzhou municipality;the land utilization changing intensity of the main urban areas is residential area and industry and mining land＞farmland＞grass land＞forest land＞virgin land＞transportation land＞other agricultural land＞irrigation works land＞garden plot,while the land utilization changing intensity of every county (city) under Chuzhou municipality is grass land＞virgin land＞farmland＞forest land＞irrigation works land＞other agricultural land＞residential area and industry and mining land＞garden plot＞transportation land.Finally,suggestions on corresponding countermeasures and measures were proposed according to the research results.

The objective of this article was to research and compare the patterns of water management in our country and overseas，then to give some suggestions for the water management in Wuhan City. The author used the methods of comparison and induction to research water management pattern in Japan，America，and Shanghai City and Beijing City of our country. Four patterns of water management，including water pollution control pattern，water ecology management pattern，water circumstance dispose pattern，water system treatment pattern，were induced and analyzed. Based on comparison and induction，it was concluded that water management should consider the relationships between water management and ecology，water pollution control，city figure，city culture，economic development，and flood prevention.In order to make the water resource exert best economic，social and environmental efficacy in Wuhan City，certain suggestions，including protection of water ecology，raising water quality，changing water scenery，enriching water culture，exploiting water economy，and guaranting water security，were brought forward in this article.

Water resource is irreplaceable as one kind of important natural resources and strategic economic resources.Water resources optimal allocation is an important means to solve the problem of water resources in order to keep the relative balance of the supply and demand of regional water resources.For ensuring the sustainable development,according to the principle of regional water resources optimal allocation and characteristics of water resources of Hebei Province of SouthtoNorth Water Transfer Project,and aiming at the maximum synthesized benefits of limited water resources,the model for water resources optimal allocation was established．The constraints of available water resources,water demands of different users and harmonious development of regional water environmental and economic system were considered．The cause function,restriction and parameters were discussed.At last，optimal allocation of water resources in the middle line of SouthtoNorth Water Transfer Project in Hebei Province was studied under the guarantee of 95 percent in 2005 and 2010.The results were evaluated and developed,which showed that SouthtoNorth Water Transfer Project can solve the serious water shortage in Hebei province.

The water footprint concept was introduced by Hoekstra in 2002 in order to have a consumptionbased indicator of water use that could provide useful information in addition to the traditional productionsectorbased indicators of water use.Since not all goods consumed in one particular country are produced in that country，the water footprint consists of two parts：use of domestic water resources and use of water outside the borders of the country.In order to give a complete picture of water use，the water footprint includes both the water withdrawn from surface and groundwater and the use of soil water (in agricultural production).The water footprint concept is closely linked to the virtual water concept.Virtual water is defined as tile volume of water required to produce a commodity or service.In this study，the water footprint concept，as a practical tool，was employed to analyze how consumption patterns may affect the water use.How a country can evaluate its internal water footprint in order to reduce the pressure on domestic water resources and how a country can profit from its relative abundance of water by exporting waterrich commodities，form two developing directions of water footprint concept.This paper thus introduced the conception and computation of water footprint analysis.Then the water footprint of Chongqing City in 2004 was calculated as a model.The water footprint of Chongqing City in 2004 is 37017×108 m3，1 177 m3 per capita available.The water selfsufficiency is 9861％ in this city，which is not very appreciate for Chongqing City because water is very scarce in this region.Factors affecting water footprint were analyzed，and the revelation and significance of water footprint in the water administration of Chongqing were discussed.The application prospect of water footprint for estimating water resource management was also analyzed at last.

The paper introduced the concept of water quality resource and its pricing principle and method，and the reverting cost method as rule for water quality pricing.Also，the steps in evaluating the function and curvilinear of water quality asset were confirmed.Because of the difference between paid use and ecological compensation，the authors pointed out the mechanisms for the paid use in order to achieve the separation of water quality resource usufruct and national property.Based on the analysis of the relationship between high quality water resource conservation of headwater area of Dongjiang and Dongjiang water supply，the authors pointed out the urgency and significance on carrying out the mechanism of paid use of water quality. The necessity of the paid use of water quality was also analyzed based on the realization of social justice and the perfection of market mechanism.Certain suggestions for the paid use of water quality were put forward at last.

Rainfall redistribution of forest canopy is responsible for the transfer of rainfall from a tree canopy to the soil and clearly influences the soil and water conservation in forest ecosystems.Therefore，research on rainfall redistribution is an important consideration from forest ecological and hydrological points of view.The partitioning of gross rainfall into throughfall，stemflow and interception in 〖WTBX〗Cinnamomum camphora〖WTBZ〗 forest were observed at the ecological benefit monitoring station of the Yangtze River protection forest in Cili County，Hunan Province，in order to assess the law of canopy hydrology.Rainfall depth had an impact on rainfall redistribution of 〖WTBX〗C.camphora〖WTBZ〗 forest.Throughfall，interception and stemflow of 〖WTBX〗C.camphora〖WTBZ〗 were positively correlated with rainfall depth (〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗<005).As rainfall increased，throughfall percentage of gross rainfall increased and interception percentage decreased.At higher rainfall depths，throughfall and interception percentage stabilized by degrees.However，stemflow percentage of gross rainfall showed an increasing trend initially and a decreasing trend with the increase of rainfall depth.Rainfall intensity also had an effect on rainfall redistribution.As rainfall intensity increased，throughfall percentage of gross rainfall increased and interception percentage decreased.During the measurement period，throughfall，stemflow and interception of gross rainfall in 〖WTBX〗C.camphora〖WTBZ〗 forest were 68.5%，23% and 292% respectively.Rainfall redistribution of canopy in 〖WTBX〗C.camphora〖WTBZ〗 forest differed significantly among different rainfall depths and rainfall intensity ranges.Furthermore，the components of subcanopy rainfall (the ratio of stemflow and throughfall) were influenced by rainfall depth and rainfall intensity.At the same time，water input beneath the canopy had clearly spatial heterogeneity.Throughfall differed significantly among different sampling sites (〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗<005) and the spatial variation in throughfall (i.e.，coefficient of variation of throughfall percentage) decreased with the increase of rainfall depth and rainfall intensity.

The continuous operation of pond fish culture with chemical fertilizers for several years in wetlands of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River resulted in the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in pond sediments. An experiment of planting lotus 〖WTBX〗(Nelumbo nucifera)〖WTBZ〗 was conducted in 2004 in three fertilized fish ponds in Zhangduhu Fish Farm， located in the central part of the Yangtze River Basin，China. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effectiveness of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from fertilized fish ponds by lotus， and to analyze the economic revenue of planting lotus. Nitrogen and phosphorus removals were calculated through input and output data. Economic analysis was based on cost and income. Physical and chemical parameters in water and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the surface (0～5 cm)， middle (5～10 cm) and bottom (10～50 cm) layers of sediment were measured monthly from April to October.The results indicated that the concentrations of TKN and TP in the three layers of sediments decreased significantly (〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗<005) after planting lotus；every hectare of lotus could remove (mean±SD) 1 50938±2211 kg nitrogen and 188995±282 kg phosphorus from old fertilized fish ponds from April to October；every hectare of lotus could make an average of 52 031±1 579 Chinese Yuan in revenue. The present experiment has demonstrated that planting lotus in fish ponds could be environmentally and economically effective.

Based on the Comprehensive Planning of Shanghai (1999~2020),the development of Chongming Island should focus on the construction of ecoisland. Keeping the ecosafety of Chongming Island,that is,keeping away from ecorisk is important for the realization of the ecoisland and sustainable development of the island.The location of Chongming Island is very special as it is located at the estuary of the Yangtze River and the Yangtze Delta and lies to the east of the East China Sea.Thus the ecorisk sources are especially complex in Chongming Island.Analyzing the type,origin and character of ecorisk sources in the island is the basis for further assessment of the ecorisk and establishment of prevention countermeasures. About 26 ecorisk sources were differentiated on the analysis of history data and assessment of present status of the island.These ecorisk sources can be divided into natural sources and artificial sources by character,and from the Yangtze River,from circumjacent area,from the sea and from the island itself by origin.Furthermore,how the major ecological risk sources disturbed and influenced the ecosystem was also analyzed.Finally,details of ecostrategies for eliminating the risk sources were provided from multiple respects.

The concentrations and spatial distribution of EPA 14 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in suspended particulate matter from the Yangtze Estuary and coastal areas.The results showed that the concentrations of total PAHs ranged from 600 ng/g to 12 303 ng/g with the average of 5 373 ng/g,and the components with 3~4 rings were dominant among PAH compounds.Sewage discharge from nearby city and highly industrial area in nearby coastal areas was the main factor affecting the spatial distribution of PAHs in suspended particulate matter.Based on the relative abundance of PAH rings,fuoranthene/prene ratio and prene/bnzo(a)pyrene ratio,the main possible sources of PAHs were identified as anthropogenic release of oil and oil products and uncompleted combustion of fossil fuels.Compared with the corresponding environmental guideline values,PAHs components,such as naphthalene,phenanthrene,fluorene,anthracene,Benzo (〖WTBZ〗b〖WTBZ〗) fluoranthene and benzo (〖WTBZ〗k〖WTBZ〗) fluoranthene，may have/had different level of biological effects.

Nitrogen leaching to the groundwater is one of the major nitrogen loss ways in dry land farming systems，and contributes to a large extent in groundwater pollution. In most of the dry land in Shanghai Suburbs，it is much more serious that nitrogen may leach to the groundwater in rain seasons. In this paper，effects of different fertilization methods on nitrogen transport were studied based on lysimetric experiment and orthdox tillage. Results of the experiment showed that the concentration of nitrogen decreased with fertilization time，and the decrease extent of nitrogen in different vertical depth differed，being in the order 30> 50> 70> 120 cm. And nitrogen showed an accumulating tendency at 50 cm vertical depth.Nitrate was the main form of the leaching nitrogen，with its proportion exceeding 70% under all treatment methods；and the proportions of ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen were very low.Reducing chemical fertilizer can improve the utilization of fertilizer 〖JP2〗and decrease the concentration of nitrogen in the leakage water.

Based on data collected at four stations in Daning River in the spring of 2004 and 2005,phytoplankton community structure,vertical distribution，abundance,biomass,C contents,diversity index,richness index and evenness index were studied.The causes of eutrophication and water blooms in Daning River were analysed and control measures were then put forward.The dominant species were 〖WTBX〗Asterionella formosa,Cryptomonas ovata,Cyclotella caspia,Stephanodiscus neoastraea〖WTBZ〗 in the spring of 2004 and those were 〖WTBX〗Pandorina morum,Eudorina elegans,Cyclotella caspia,Cryptomonas ovata〖WTBZ〗 in the spring of 2005.Average cell densities,biomass,C contents in the spring of 2004 and 2005 were 171.1×105 cells/L,12.2 mg/L,1 732.2 μg C/L and 113.1×105 cells/L,10.1 mg/L,1 395.9 μg C/L,respectively.Algal bioassay of filtered water at panda′s cave stations revealed that phosphorus was the limiting factor of algal blooms.Reducing life sewage input and controlling surface runoff were key points controlling eutrophication and water blooms in Daning River.

The Sanxia (Three gorges)Danjiangkou Region and its adjacent Area are，in the area of the middle line for diverting the Yangtze River to the Han River in the SouthtoNorth Water Transfer Project.Fuzzy mathematical method (FMM) was applied in the quantitative assessment of the crust stability of the region，with the priority given to structure stability.The ground stability was also considered.16 indexes such as geological and earthquake activity fault，crust deformation，geological disaster were selected.The power value for each index was confirmed through expert system in order to ensure the rationality of the assessment.It is revealed that the region has 3 sections of relatively less instability，15 sections of relatively hypostability，8 sections of relative stability.Meanwhile，the reliability and limit of the mathematical method were also discussed in this paper.It is shown that the selection of the indexes and their power value are very important for the results and the results obtained at present is of significance for future management of the Three Gorges Project，and will be of reference values for selecting the waterline for diverting the Yangtze River to the Han River.

Based on the data of forest inventory，the forest vegetation types of the Three Gorges Reservoir 〖JP2〗Area (TGRA) were divided into 11 types by its dominant tree species and acreages，such as 〖WTBX〗Pinus massoniana〖WTBZ〗〖JP〗 forest，mixed forest of 〖WTBX〗Quercus〖WTBZ〗，and shrubs etc.In this paper，the concentration，density and distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) were studied based on 196 soil profiles.The results were as follows：the concentrations and densities of SOC under 11 forest of vegetation types were significantly different and generally decreased with depth;the density of SOC of forest of 〖WTBX〗Cunnighamia Lanceolata〖WTBZ〗 was the highest (16.0 kg/m2)，and that of the forest of 〖WTBX〗Pinus armaridii 〖WTBZ〗or〖WTBX〗 Pinusbenryi〖WTBZ〗 was the lowest (7.9 kg/m2)，among 11 vegetation types;the SOC storages of different soil layers under different vegetations were also different;the differences of carbon storage between soil layers under shrubs and forest of 〖WTBX〗Cupessus funebris〖WTBZ〗 was larger than that under other vegetation types;the average soil thickness of 11 forest of vegetation types was 56.3～98.5 cm，the soil thickness of forest of 〖WTBX〗Cunnighamia Lanceolata〖WTBZ〗 was the largest (98.5 cm)，and that of shrubs was the smallest (56.3 cm);the total acreage of 11 main forest vegetation types in the TGRA was 3 313 251 hm2，and the total storage of SOC under those vegetation types was 366.36 t，with 22.90%，18.36%，28.33% and 30.41% in 0～10，10～20，20～40 and ＞40 cm soil depth interval，respectively

Since 1990s',research of ecoenvironmental water requirement for river has become an important part for ecohydrology research.According to ecohydrology theory,the conception of ecoenvironmental water requirements and the meaning were clarified.Based on the Pihe River Water Switch Project research,ecoenvironmental water requirements were expressed by flux which contained time information,not just water quantity.To coordinate with the water resource allocation,the article evaluated ecoenvironmental water requirements for three typical years,they were 〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗=50%（1968），〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗=75%（1986） and 〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗=90%（1987）.Based on natural characters of Pihe River,the minimum and optimum water requirements of aquatic habitat for the river maintenance were counted by the means of Montana Theory.The Pihe River evaporation water requirements were counted too,which were related with the width of water surface,the length between two sections and the evaporation depth of the river.The pollutant dilute water requirements were counted on the combination of water quality goal and river function division.The minimum and optimum ecoenvironmental water requirements of river were ultimately ascertained as 20.64 m3/s and 25.84 m3/s respectively.According to the case study of Pihe River,it can be concluded that ecoenvironmental water requirements of river is not a numerical number,but a scope,which is practical to ensure the basic flow to downstream of water power station dam,and helpful to protect the ecoenvironment of the river,especially for downstream watershed.

In order to evaluate the impact of South to North Water Transfer Project on environment，it is necessary to understand the existing status of environment before the beginning of the project.Based on RS and GIS technology，five indices，including vegetation index，altitude，landusing，accumulated temperature and annual rainfall，were drawn and applied to evaluate natural environment of the research region.The calculation results were in accordance with the existence.The results showed that:（1）the ecoenvironment quality is good in the research region with the second grade region being dominant;(2)the horizontal distribution of the ecoenvironment quality reveals evident regional diversity—the south of the region is the best，the middle is the second，and the north is the worst;(3)the vertical diversity of ecoenvironment quality is evident—the middle altitude region with good ecoenvironment quality is dominant，the low altitude region locating along the Yalongjiang River is the best in ecoenvironment quality，and the high altitude region occupying less than 20% of the research region is the worst in ecoenvironment quality.

The remote sensing (RS) suits to acquire information of earth surface quickly,entirely and economically,so it is adopted to identify the geological disasters in a wide region,and gain the quantitative distribution and magnitude. The vale of Jinshajiang River in Deqin County is a typical droughtheat vale. The application of RS in this region will be greatly convenient for the disaster investigation in southwestern China. The authors carried out an investigation of geological disasters based on three kinds of RS images in this paper. First,the features of climate,topography,geology,and their effects on interpretation of geology disasters were discussed. Secondly,the selection of RS data and the processing methods for the data were presented. At last,the authors validated the accuracy of the interpreting results through field investigation,and drew the conclusion that RS is feasible to investigate the geological disaster in this region,and at same time suggested to use near infrared hyperspectrum image to promote the interpretation of geological disasters.

Some improvements have been made to the original TOPMODEL，a semidistributed hydrological model based on subcatchment scale，with the consideration of the spatial variability of topography，underneath conditions and watershed climate.Significant improvements to the TOPMODEL were made on the distributed computation of runoff yield in the mesh scale which is equivalent to that of DEM in one hand，and an isochrones hydrograph was calibrated from rainfallrunoff observations for watershed convergence simulations on the other hand.These improvements were made to enhance the simulation ability of the TOPMODEL，meanwhile to extend the model′s adoptability in rainfallrunoff simulations to middle and large scale watersheds.The improved TOPMODEL were used in Lianghekou basin (2 818 km2) to simulate daily volume of runoff in this catchment，and a satisfactory simulation result with 70% or so in prediction precision was achieved.Further analysis on this model suggested that there were still ample rooms remained for further advancements.

Component geographic information system（ComGIS）is one of the developing points of GIS technology.The function of ArcObjects and ArcGIS Engine from ESRI Corp.was stated in this paper，and the pollution sources database system for Yongjiang water area in Ningbo City was developed in Visual C.The system structure，data preparation，and function realization of this database system were demonstrated.It was indicated that embeddedArcGIS Engine is divorced from ArcGIS Platform and scores high in development efficiency and convenience，affording users a lowcost，special，and smallsized alternative.The system introduced in this paper provides primary decision support information for water pollution control and management in Ningbo City through data visualization,query,accounting,spatial analysis and thematic mapping.Because of the inherent flexibility of ArcGIS Engine，further decision support can be realized in combination with other information system through the interface preserved in advance.

The distribution of heavy mentals，i.e.As，Cd，Cr，Cu，Pb，Ni，Hg and Zn in cultivated soils in Kunshan City were studied in the present investigation.Statistical results showed that the cultivated soil in Kunshan City was polluted by heavy metals.Among the eight types of heavy metal elements，the element Hg had the highest level exceeding the national background level and the largest variability in the cultivated soil.Meanwhile，heavy metals of As，Cd，Cr，Cu，Pb，Ni，Zn all exceeded the national heavy metal background value of soils.The Synthetic Pollution Index was in the following order：paddy field (115) > dry land (100).Heavy metals in five towns，i.e.Qiandeng，Luyang，Shipu，Jinxi，Shipai were in the precaution domain，while other towns (Penlang，Zhouzhuang，Zhangpu，Zhengyi，Zhoushi，Bacheng，Dianshanhu，Huaqiao，Lujia) were all subtly polluted.Regional heavy metal pollution had the characteristics of combined pollution because there was a significant positive correlation among Cd and Pb (〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗=06210)，Pb and Hg，Cu，Zn (04387，04260，03509) and Cu and Cr (03940).It was also found that the regional heavy metal pollution was influenced by artificial factors.Consequently，Hg which was the regional priority control pollutant and Pb，Cd，Zn，Cu，Cr which were the regional inferior priority control pollutants，should be frequently monitored and closely regulated in cultivated soils in Kunshan of Suzhou City，Jiangsu Province.

The use of ecosystem health theory in analyzing the ecoenvironment problems in industrial parks may provide scientific basis for improving construction and function of ecosystem.An ecosystem health assessment indices system has been constructed for industrial parks，including social，economic and natural subsystems of compound ecosystem.With Suzhou industrial park in Jiangsu Province as an example，using the entire arraypolygon evaluation method，the ecosystem health situation in each planning time has been quantitatively assessed in order to point out restriction factors and to suggest corresponding diagnostic program.The results showed that the ecosystem health composite index of Suzhou industrial park is 054 in 2002 and 065 in 2005 and it will be 078 in 2010 and 088 in 2020.

The paper discussed flooded days and areas of beach wetlands in Dongting Lake.To identify the flooded days in a year in the beach wetland，daily data of water level in Dongting Lake during 1952~2000 were applied.Variations of different flooded days in a year and area of the beach wetland were identified by using data from TM satellite picture with assistance of correlation analysis and interpolation method.Reduction of flooded days in a year in the beach wetland in east Dongting Lake during 1990’s indicated that it had shown reverse succession.The area of beach wetland flooded more than 100 days in a year had reduced in south Dongting Lake；however，the area of beach wetland flooded less than 100 days had enlarged.These indicated that the positive succession is the essential case in south Dongting Lake.Enlarging of beach wetland of different flooded day in a year in west Dongting Lake indicated that it had taken the place for positive succession.Correspondingly，it was proposed that it is not suitable to plant in the low beach wetland of Dongting Lake，and reed production should be shifted gradually to the west and south parts of Dongting Lake.

As far as a floodprone region is concerned, a rapid and accurate flood forecasting is especially significant because it can extend the lead time for issuing disaster warnings,thus allowing sufficient time for people in hazardous areas to take appropriate action,such as evacuation.Although they give a deep clairvoyance to physical mechanism of flood forming,conventional conceptual forecasting models are inconvenient for operational hydrologists in practice.Therefore,many called “black box” models based on systems theoretic techniques, such as linear regression (LR),autoregressive moving average (ARMA), and artificial neural network (ANN),are employed.Compared with conceptual models, often they can provide a rapid prediction with an accepted degree of accuracy in view of depending only on datadriven techniques. In the present study,a relative novel black box technology,namely adaptivenetworkbased fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in which Takagi and Segeno's rule was adopted,was proposed for streamflow forecasting in the main channel of the Yangtze River.In the meantime,a linear regression (LR) model was used as the benchmark for ANFIS model evaluation.In the ANFIS model, back propagation (BP) learning algorithm and hybrid learning algorithm (Combined BP and least squared error) were applied to the model,respectively.In addition,in order to avoid overfitting of training data,a statistic informationbased data partition technique was used to split raw data into three parts:training data,testing data,and validation data.Of them,testing data played a role as early stopping,which helps obtain the optimal training epoch during addressing training data.Results showed that ANFIS model is superior to the LR model,and the optimal model is the ANFIS model with hybrid learning algorithm and trapezoidal membership functions for the present case.A further analysis revealed the powerful capability of ANFIS is due to the local linear approximation technique being employed in ANFIS model, which improve the capturing capacity for training data if the overfitting can be well controlled.