This paper firstly delineated the sphere of influence of Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou by gravity model. Then economic areas of Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou were defined by their center and sphere of influence. Thirdly, regression analysis was used to capture the relationship between population density and distance to the Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou. Results show that logarithmic model fitting the regional density patterns the best in China has better goodness of fit than linear model, exponential model, and power model. For further exploration, four Quadratic models based on above four basic models (linear model, logarithmic model, and log transformed exponential model and power model) are tested. Logarithmbased Quadratic model is proved to be the best model to describe the population density patterns in economic areas of Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou for its highest coefficient of determination (Rsquare) in all eight models mentioned above. Based on the change of fitted logarithmbased quadratic function profiles over time, regional growth patterns can be identified. Strong trend of centralization and near field spread are the main characteristics of growth pattern in Shanghai, Nanjing, and Hangzhou economic area during 1982 and 2010. However, differences of growth pattern can be seen in different regions and different periods.

Urban agglomeration has increasingly become the important carrier of population agglomeration and urbanization development in China. With the proposed Yangtze Economic Belt strategy and New Urbanization Construction, development of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Yangtze River catches more and more attention. In order to explain the formation and evolution of current pattern of population and urbanization distribution in 2014, by using the 1990, 2000 and 2010 census data of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi, we analyzed the distribution and its changes of population and urbanization in urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Yangtze river since 1990, from the aspects of total population, population density and urbanization. Results showed that: 1) the total population in the middle reaches of Yangtze river has been growing continuously since 1990, with a pace of slowing down. The population is mainly concentrated in Wuhan, Changsha, and Nanchang. The spatial pattern of population distribution has shifted from a single core to a multicore spatial pattern. 2) Increase of population in towns mainly contributes to the increase of urban population. The area of high level of urbanization has shifted from distributing in the north of Yangtze River to distributing along the Yangtze River, BeijingKowloon and ZheGan Railway. And the multicore spatial pattern of urbanization has been formed. 3) The spatial pattern of urbanization and distribution of population has a consistency to a certain extent, which reflects the influence of population agglomeration on urbanization. Urbanization has more remarkable changes in spatial for influenced by development of economy, industry level and more other factors. Key words：population distribution; urbanization; spatial pattern; urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Yangtze river

In order to study the consequence of undertaking international industrial transfer by six provinces of central China for nearly 15 years and explore how to improve the level to undertake international industrial transfer, this paper builds a measurement index system about the efficiency of undertaking international industrial transfer, from the angle of inputoutput. The time and space differentiation characteristics from 2000 to 2014 about the efficiency of 80 regional units of the six provinces in central China are measured by EMS3.1 software. The time and space differentiation pattern and space correlation are analyzed by GeoDa095i software. Based on analyzing the mechanism of influencing the efficiency of undertaking international industrial transfer, using stata130 software and adopting the fixed effects model, this paper makes quantitative analysis of the influencing factors of efficiency. Results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2014, the number of cities in the effective value of DEA gradually increases; the number of cities on the rise are 52, the number of cities showing a trend of decline are 28, and DEA efficiency value of the provincial capital city and its surrounding areas is relatively higher than that of other regions; (2) Spatial differentiation of the central region’s efficiency of undertaking international industrial transfer is obvious and it has a clear spatial cluster effect; (3) Industry supporting factor, industry attracting factor and industry developing factor have great influences on the efficiency of the central region to undertake international industry transfer, and the influence of industry identifying factor is relatively weak. The regression coefficients of influencing factors ranked from to small are the employee proportion of second and third industry, passenger volume, worker’s average wage, per capita GDP, the balance of financial institutions at the end of year, and research and development (R&D) spending. Based on the results, some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for the central region to improve undertaking international industrial transfer. Key words： international industrial transfer; superDEA model; penal estimate; spatial analysis; central region in China

The coordinated development of intensive land use and urbanization in urban agglomeration is the core issue of land management. It is of great significance to achieve the high coordination of intensive land use and urbanization, which may promoti the sustainable development of urban agglomeration. Using Generalization Principal Component Analysis, Variation Coefficient Method to improve the accuracy of the index weight, the paper uses coupling degree model and coordination degree model, relative development model to measure, analyze, and compare the coordinated development level of Jingjinji, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations. Spatial autocorrelation model is used to explore the characteristics and rules of spatial agglomeration of coordinated development level. The results showed that: The coordinated development level of Jingjinji ranks first, followed by the Pearl River Delta, and Yangtze River Delta. The optimization degree of coordinated development level ranked as follows: Jingjinji, the Pearl River Delta, and the Yangtze River Delta. The spatial correlation of the coordinated development degree ranked as follows: Jingjinji, the Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta. The coordinated development level in Jingjinji gradually tends to be moderate and high coordination, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta tend to be moderate and low coordination. The lags of new urbanization development is the main factor to influence the coordinated development level of Jingjinji and Yangtze River Delta in the early study. The new urbanization development of Jingjinji is speedingup and the Yangtze River Delta is in the state of synchronous development in the late of the study. The new urbanization development of Pearl River Delta has achieved great progress, but still lags behind the intensive land use. Key words：intensive land use; new urbanization; the coordinated development degree; Jingjinji, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations

Accurate identification of the response of cultivated land productivity under different cultivated land intensive use level is an important prerequisite for guiding the input of cultivated land use and ensuring national food security. Based on the land law of diminishing, the relationship between land utilization level and the productivity of cultivated land were analyzed together with an empirical research on the urban scale for Hubei province by using the national standard of secondary indicators and constructing the Kuznets curve model of land intensive use and cultivated land productivity. The results showed that Kuznets curve model can effectively identify the response rules of different cultivated land utilization level and land productivity, and the cultivated land intensive use level and productivity of EYuWan hills and mountains, the plains along the river and the zone of Qinba mountains around the basin exists Kuznets inverted U curve. From the comparison between the corresponding critical value and the input level of cultivated land use, we can conclude that, for Xiangyang cities, it is necessary to enhanve structure effective in the cultivated land intensive use; while for Suizhou cities, it is necessary to strengthen the cultivated land use input structure, in order to improve the structure effective in the cultivated land intensive use. This study is expected to provide decisionmaking basis for optimizing the structure of cultivated land use input and making different policy in land use and land protection. Key words：cultivated land; intensive use; actual production capacity of cultivated land; Kuznets curve; Hubei province

This study is based on the ten days’ soil relative moisture data of 196 observation stations in the Yangtze Basin from 1992 to 2012, using the Kriging interpolation method to explore the spatial and temporal distribution and seasonal variation characteristics of soil relative moisture contents in 0-50 cm soil layer depths in the Yangtze River Basin. Moreover, the reasons for soil relative moisture content changes were explored mainly from climatic factors and NDVI. The results showed that: 1) the soil relative moisture content in the Yangtze River Basin has been increasing since 1992, with a rate of interannual variation tendency of 026%/a. 2) the soil relative moisture content was higher in the southeast and southwest than in the northeast and northwest. 3) the increasing intensity of soil relative moisture content showed an order of spring < summer < winter < autumn. 4) The main reason for the increase of soil relative moisture content were decreased potential evaporation and increased NDVI in the Yangtze River Basin. Key words：soil relative moisture content; interannual variation; influencing factors; NDVI; the Yangtze Basin

Researches on urban spatial pattern at national scale from the viewpoint of socialeconomic development have made very valuable progresses, but the spatial relationship between urban spatial pattern and natural ecological pattern at national scale has not been greatly paid attention. Natural ecological safety is constitutive of the current era of urbanization and must be linked to urban spatial development. A better understanding of the sustainability of urban development must rely strongly upon available information about the causes, chronology, and effects of urbanization. Therefore, this paper analyzed the spatial pattern of urbanrural construction land in natural ecological regionalization. By the overlay analysis of natural ecological units and urbanrural construction land, the paper revealed that, in the ecological function areas (The First Level), the areas of ecological regulation function are distributed most widely in China’s northwest, southwest, and northeast ecological fragile areas, with a minimum ratio of only 069% in total area of urbanrural construction land. The urbanrural construction land area with ecological supply function accounted for 274% in total area of urbanrural construction land. The urbanrural construction land with habitat security function smallest area is concentrated in the eastern coastal areas of China, but accounted for the largest, up to 1120% in total area of urbanrural construction land. The spatial differences of urbanrural construction land in the natural ecological units are linked to the natural characteristics of natural geometry and river basins. The function areas including cities groups habitat, agricultural products supply and soil conservation regulation occupy 7954% of the total urbanrural land which is located in the plain, river networks, Karst hills, and Danxia geomorphology area mainly in southeastern Hu line. The areas of habitat security function are mostly distributed in the CircumBohai Sea Economic Zone, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. There are several city groups and many developed towns in the surrounding area. The three areas with the function of habitat security have the greatest area of urbanrural construction land which has been very rapidly expanded around the large cities and taken up a large number of cultivated land and natural landscape. The urbanrural construction land distribution pattern is also consistent with the distribution pattern of China’s three major geomorphologic regions. The above results are expected to reflect the spatial interdependent relationship between human and environment systems, but in recent years, the expansion of urbanrural construction has been driven by the development demand expansion and the progress of engineering technology. The paper provides the basic information for the sustainable development of urbanrural areas and the construction of ecological security pattern in the context of the new urbanization, and also provides technical support for the identification of urban spatial organization and evolution mechanism in china. Key words：urbanrural construction land; spatial pattern; natural ecological units; China

Taking 5 periods of land use cover change (LUCC) from 1980 to 2010 as the data source, obtaining the data of urban and rural construction land changing in Jiangsu Province for nearly 30 years, supported by spatial and landscape analysis and other methods, this paper analyzed the characteristics of urban and rural space evaluation, evaluated the process and extent of the integration of urban and rural areas, aiming at revealing the dynamic mechanism of the development of integration of urban and rural areas, and summing up the regional model of the integration of urban and rural areas. The results show that: (1) In the aspect of spatial expansion of cities and towns, the quantitative change is characterized by the rapid growth after the first flatness. The spatial pattern changes are mainly from external expansion and then to the filling and expanding cycles between the patches. The urban spatial expansion among Suzhou, Wuxi, and Changzhou is the most intensive. (2) In the aspect of regional change of rural areas, a slight increase has been identified, and in the northern part of Jiangsu along the Huaihe River, rural construction land distribution is relatively intensive, and subdense area of rural construction land has been established along the river. (3) In the process of urban and rural integration, the spaces of both areas began to transit gradually from discrete to adhesive pattern, and the adhesive expansion in southern Jiangsu is the most obvious.(4) The dynamic mechanism and regional model of urban and rural integration, the rapid improvement of social economic development, the fast development of township enterprises, the continuous improvement of transportation infrastructure, and the swift construction of development zones and new urban areas are the main driving forces of urban and rural integration development in Jiangsu. According to the spatial characteristics and the main driving factors of urban and rural integration development, three different types of urbanrural integration development in Jiangsu Province can be identified: hublink mode, agglomerationannexation mode and integrating expansion mode. Key words：urban and rural integration; construction land; spatial form; model of regions; Jiangsu Province

The paper studied Scirpus mariqueter ecosystem at the Nanhui coastal reclamation region from September to October in 2015. We investigated 12 environmental factors including soil organic carbon, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, orthophosphate, pH, moisture content, particle size, salinity, tidal elevation of 101 soil samplings. By principle component analysis and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), the key factors affecting Scirpus mariqueter spatial distribution were analyzed. The results showed that, a significant positive correlation (P<005) occurred between the vegetation distribution and tidal elevation, and the vegetation communities are mainly distributed in the range of tidal elevation about 25 m-34 m. The community coverage and density positively correlated (P<005) to soil salinity. In conclusion, tidal elevation and salinity are the main environmental factors affecting Scirpus mariqueter distribution. Determining the mechanism to explain response of Scirpus wetlands to reclamation project and the potential thresholds by quantitative simulation is therefore encouraged to support the future reclamation work. This study has critical significance for future coastal wetlands ecological remediation. Key words：coastal reclamation; wetlands ecosystem; Scirpus mariqueter; spatial distribution; gradient analysis

The effect of urbanization on the stream structure and connectivity has been a hot topic nowadays. At present， fast urbanization has caused many environmental problems， such as the simplification of water system structure, decreasing connectivity of river and degrading water quality. Three remote sensing images in 1990,2000 and 2010 in the center of Nanchang were processed and classified for the analyses on the spatial and temporal characteristics of underlying lands．The river systems were extracted by GIS based on the topographic maps in 1958 and 2010， and the influence on the stream structure was analyzed using quantitative and structural index; The graph method was used to analyze the changes in river connection. The results showed that: (1) During the 20 years, the urban land area increased by 17473 km2, and the water area decreased by 3404 km2. The water area decreased with the increase of urban land; (2) The water surface rate, river network density and frequency were found to decrease. Tributary development was also found to decrease during the urbanization process; (3)The connectivity of water system reduced at the north of the Ganjiang River but increased at the south. Key words：water system pattern;connectivity;urbanization;index system;Nanchang City

Research on willingnesstopay (WTP) of ecological compensation and the influencing factors can provide decisionmaking basis to establish and implement ecological compensation mechanism of river basin. The contingent valuation method and ordinal logistic model were adopted to evaluate the WTP of residents along the Ganjiang River basin for ecological compensation based on the random utility theory. The empirical research mainly analyzed the impacts of psychological distance, psychological ownership on WTP and compared upstream residents ‘WTP to downstream residents’. Based on questionnaire data, we get the following conclusions: (1) the father away from the river the residents feel, the lower the WTP for ecological service is. (2) The stronger the psychological ownership of residents, the higher WTP for ecological service is. (3) The lower satisfaction of water quality and the high degree of trust in the environmental protection department are the two main reasons for the higher WTP of downstream residents. (4) Being far from the Ganjiang River and the low degree of trust in the environmental protection department are the two main reasons for the lower WTP of the protest response group. It is therefore suggested that, when making policies the policydecider should consider residents’ psychological decisionmaking mechanism. Shortening the residents’ psychological distance and enhancing residents’ feeling of possession both can boost the enthusiasm of the residents to participate in the ecological compensation. Key words：ecological compensation; random utility theory; psychological ownership; willingness to pay; Ganjiang River basin

Understanding on air pollutant emissions and the influencing factors is an important basis to guide the regional emission reduction to achieve a sustainable development. In the paper, the Tapio analysis model was used to measure the decoupling degree between industrial economic growth and three indexes, including industrial exhaust gas, industrial sulfur dioxide and industrial smoke dust in 11 provinces of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 1996 to 2013. The LMDI decomposition model was used to decompose the influencing factors of air pollutant emission characteristics. The results show that: (1) The industrial emissions from all provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt showed a continuous upward trend, and the “hot” areas of industrial emissions mainly concentrated in the eastern region. The total emissions of industrial sulfur dioxide and smoke dust showed a “first increase and then decrease” trend, implying an improved recent situation. (2) The total industrial emissions in Yangtze River Economic Belt experienced a transformation trend from the expansionary negative decoupling to relative decoupling. It shows that, with the development of the economy, industrial pollution caused by industrial emissions increased simultaneously during this period. The economic development effect and the energy efficiency effect are the main factors to promote the emission of industrial waste gas. (3) The industrial sulfur dioxide and smoke dust emissions in the Yangtze River Economic Belt have experienced the trend of development from relative decoupling to absolute decoupling. Economic development is the main reason leading to the increase of the two kinds of pollutants in each region. However, technical efficiency and energy efficiency are the two important ways to reduce the two pollutants emission in these areas. In the future, it is therefore necessary to strengthen the adjustment of industrial structure and energy structure in the process of emission reduction control of air pollutants. Meanwhile, we must firmly rely on technological progress to promote the improvement of energy efficiency and pay attention to the differences of reduce emissions among different provinces and prevent the regional transfer of pollution industries. Key words：Yangtze River Economic Belt; economic growth; atmospheric environment; decoupling analysis model; LMDI decomposition model

Monthly monitoring from March 2015 to February 2016, temporalspatial dynamics of chlorophylla in the Yangcheng West Lake and also the potential influencing factors were analyzed. The results showed that, seasonal variation of chlorophylla in were obvious, ranging from 1193 μg/L to 6667 μg/L and with an annual mean value of 2754 μg/L±2034 μg/L. The minimum and maximum value of chlorophylla concentration appeared in January 2016 and August 2015, respectively. The concentration of chlorophylla was different in the spatial distribution. The content of chlorophylla reached the highest in the section I, followed by section II and Section IV, and section III was the lowest. The comprehensive trophic state index was 507-593, and the annual mean value was 556. In general, the lakes was in a state of mesotrophic. According to Pearson correlation and stepwise regression analyses, chlorophylla was significantly positively correlated with water temperature and negatively with dissolved oxygen and transparency. Pearson correlation analysis was further carried ou twith total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus (N/P). Chla was found to correlated weakly with total nitrogen while significantly positively with total phosphorus, and negatively correlated with N/P ratio, suggesting a limitation by phosphorus. Key words：Yangcheng west Lake; chlorophylla; environmental factor; correlation analysis

Based on the monitoring data of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, and As in sediments, pollution load index and geoaccumulation index, were used to assess heavy metals pollution. The aquatic ecological risk and human health risk were calculated by potential ecological risk index and health risk evaluation. The results showed that, river sediments in Jiangyin were affected by urban runoff and heavy metal polluted enterprises. Cu, Zn, and Pb levels peaked in flood season; As and Cu levels peaked in dry season. The consequences of pollution load index and geo-accumulation index showed that the pollution status declined slightly in dry season. Geo-accumulation index suggested a more optimistic estimate for heavy metal contamination, with the background fluctuation parameter included. The potential ecological risk was slight. The cancer risk was 10-3, while non-cancer risk was 10-7. So the cancer risk was a key contribution in human health risk. The potential risk was higher in flood season, while the human health risk was higher in dry season. This is probably because of different contribution rate of various heavy metal species during human health risk and potential ecological risk. Key words：Jiangyin city; heavy metal; pollution load index; geoaccumulation index method; potential ecological risk index; health risk evaluation

In this paper, Wuhua River, the upper stretch of Hanjiang and the first tributary of Meijiang, was selected as the study area. Based on meteorological and hydrological data over the last 30 years, the paper analyzed runoff and sediment’s annual variation tendency, abrupt changes and their relationships, using Cumulative filter, MannKendall(MK), R/S and Double Mass Curve statistics models and methods. On the basis of human activities and climate change, the paper also explored the relationship between runoff and sediment and contribution rate. The results showed that: 1) The runoff amount presented a decline trend of interannual variability, although not obvious; while sediment transport decreased significantly; 2) The annual runoff amount and sediment transport may tend to continuously decline in the future; 3) The mutational site of runoff is between 1981-1985, 1997-2001, and 2004-2008; the mutational site of sediment is 1987; 4) The sediment concentration per unit runoff is relatively small, and the river is in the state of erosion; 5) The contribution of precipitation to runoff change is 73%, and the contribution of human activities to runoff change is 27%; the climate change’s contribution rate is 21% to the rapid decreasing of sediment discharge while the human activity’s contribution rate is 79%. In summary, precipitation is the key factor influencing runoff amount variation, and human activity is key factor influencing sediment discharge. Key words：Wuhua River; runoff variation; sediment discharge variation; human activity

The shortterm spatial distribution of City’s respiratable particulate matter (PM10) is mainly controlled by weather conditions, while the distribution over one year or longer is mainly dependdent on the sources of emissions. These sources of emissions are closely related to the distribution of urban traffic, industrial zones, urban builtup areas, and developing zones. While surface temperature difference within a year can integrate these features of underlying surface. So we can use this correlation and set up a model to estimate the spatial distribution of annual average PM10. Taking Wuhan as an example, we firstly used Landsat 8 thermal remote sensing data to inverse the summer and winter surface temperature of 2013 and 2014, and calculated the surface temperature difference of every year. Then, according to the principles of impact attenuation with distance, we used inverse distance weighting (IDW) to get the weighted value of every year surface temperature difference. After that, we formulated a linear regression between the weighted value of every year surface temperature difference and the PM10 annual average of 2013 and 2014, with an aim to find the best weighted value by comparing the accuracy, and to get the spatial distribution of the estimated model; its R2 reached 0655 and 0752, respectively. Finally, we got the spatial distribution of annual average PM10 in 2013 and 2014 based on the model. The spatial distribution of PM10 showed that the high value of 2013 and 2014 PM10 annual average mainly concentrated in the main city compared to suburban area. Low value is located mainly in the outskirts of towns, remote and mountainous areas or large bodies of water. Compared with the Kriging interpolation, the new method takes into account the influence of the underlying surface, so it can finely reflect the distribution characteristics and laws of PM10. It is more simple and effective. Key words：PM10 spatial distribution; the underlying surface; annual surface temperature difference; IDW; linear regression

This paper selects a large hydropower station in the upper Yangtze River as a case. Life cycle assessment was used to estimate its greenhouse gas (GHGs) emission according to the standardized processes (ISO14067) for carbon footprint quantization, focusing on the difference before and after the impoundment from three stages, i.e. construction, operation and decommission. Carbon emissions factors kW?hand energy payback ratio are selected as the indicators of cleanliness and quality. The results showed that: the carbon footprint of the hydropower station was 5417 million tons CO2eq, carbon emission kW?hfactor of the hydropower station was 70-131 g CO2eq/kW?h, and energy payback ratio was 2364. Compared with other kinds of power plants and other hydropower stations with reservoir, the carbon footprint is obviously lower and energy payback ratio is significantly higher. This implies the high quality and cleanliness of hydropower resource in the Southwest China. We came to a conclusion that hydropower development may promote the energysaving and emissionreduction; life cycle assessment (LCA) is applicable for analysis on carbon footprint of hydropower project. Key words：upper Yangtze River; hydropower; greenhouse gas; life cycle; uncertainty