It plays a practical and guiding role in promoting the green and coordinated development of Yangtze River Economic Belt by measuring industrial green transformation efficiency, ecological civilization construction quality, and the synergistic effect. The research of this paper is based on provincial data during 2011 to 2017 in a national perspective. Measure industrial green transformation efficiency in Yangtze River Economic Belt by Super-SBM model. Measure ecological civilization construction quality in Yangtze River Economic Belt by entropy weight method-topsis evaluation model. Research synergetic effect between industrial green transformation and ecological civilization construction in Yangtze River Economic Belt by builting coupling coordination degree model. The results show that industrial green transformation efficiency in Yangtze economic belt is lower than the national average, and the spatial pattern of the upper, middle and lower reaches in Yangtze economic belt is progressively increase. The industrial green transformation efficiency between provinces are significant differences. The ecological civilization construction quality in Yangtze River Economic Belt is basically the same as the national average, and the spatial pattern of upper, middle and lower reaches in Yangtze River Economic Belt show a “V”, but the inter-provincial difference is small. The synergy coefficient between industrial green transformation efficiency and ecological civilization construction quality in the provinces of Yangtze River Economic Belt are generally low, and this situation is becoming more and more significant. The main reason is that ecological civilization construction lags behind industrial green transformation. We suggest that local governments should pay more attention to the coordinated development between industrial green transformation and ecological civilization construction, as well striving to reverse the situation that ecological civilization construction lagging behind industrial green transformation. In particular, they must strengthen the protection of landspace and the ecological environment, and promoting agriculture and industry of upper and middle reaches in Yangtze economic belt develop towards a ecological way. Simultaneously, it is very important to popularize ecological culture among citizens, and improve the governance system of ecological security.

Scientific planning of urban spatial layout and delimiting of urban growth boundary is the key to implement the “three control lines” of the Ministry of natural resources and the rapid development of cities with high quality, which is of great guiding significance for the optimization of urban space. Taking Hangzhou City as an example, this paper applies Euclidean distance to establish the influence factor model, and analyzes various factors affecting the urban growth boundary, such as urban spatial terrain factors, natural environment factors, current urban land classification factors, industrial and economic environment factors and modern service network layout.；Then the coupling neural network is applied to identify development potentials of urban space；Finally, a multi-dimensional simulation of the urban spatial expansion and growth boundary of Hangzhou City in 2030 is carried out by using the coupled neural network and cellular automata (ANN-CA), according to different constraints (strict constraints, basic restrictions, control area restrictions) and different scenarios constraints such as sustainable development, priority development of planning and construction land in the core area. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) From 2018 to 2030, Xiaoshan District, Jianggan District and Yuhang District have the largest urban area expansion, with the growth area of 83.75, 51.96 and 31.32 km² respectively, which are the regions with great development potential in Hangzhou. (2) Based on the spatial strategy of “city expansion to the East, tourism planning to the west, development along the river, and cross-river development”, Hangzhou will focus on the East and the West in the future. (3) Based on the principles of ecological protection and intensive economy, the future growth boundary of Hangzhou city is defined, which aims to provide reference for the land space planning and related practice of Hangzhou.

In the contradictions between urban expansion and scarcity of resources, and between flood disasters and economic development, it is a new method of flood disaster management to clarify the property rights of drainage rights, promote the marketization of drainage right trading, and guarantee the rationalization of drainage right pricing. This paper put forward for the first time the institutional guarantee of drainage right trading, four pricing principles of drainage right trading, and two levels of drainage right pricing theories. Based on the loss assessment method of flood disasters and the construction cost of flood control facilities, this paper calculated the cost of drainage right and established the meta-model of the flood losses. This paper further formed the cost model of drainage right, and proposed the trading strategy and pricing model under the overall optimal constraints, which theoretically proved the contribution of drainage right trading to the improvement of drainage efficiency of flood control. Finally, with the application of the spatial display simulation of socio-economic statistics, and combining water level data from hydrometric stations during the flood season in July 2016 with the socio-economic data of Nanjing and Jurong in the same year, this paper calculated that the average drainage right prices of Nanjing and Jurong at that time were respectively 18.30 and 5.97 yuan/m³,which confirmed the feasibility of drainage right trading in practice.

Taking three major river basins in China as the study areas, this study tries to reveal the difference between downscaled results of TRMM 3B43 and GPM IMERG precipitation based on different Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) were selected as the basic ancillary variables of GWR models. Different combinations of NDVI and DEM were employed to downscale TRMM and GPM precipitation of 2014 summer, which were then evaluated based on rain gauge observations. The results demonstrate that, （1） Overall accuracy of the original GPM precipitation data is better than TRMM. Accuracy indices imply that both data have higher accuracy in the Yellow River Basin than in the Yangtze River Basin and the Pearl River Basin. （2) After downscaling, the spatial resolutions of both precipitation data have been significantly improved. The downscaled results demonstrate more details and trends of precipitation variation, but their accuracy is more dependent on the original data, which makes the accuracy improvement not significant. （3) Using GWR model with both NDVI and DEM as ancillary variables, difference between downscaled results of TRMM and GPM is significant in high altitude areas of the Yangtze River Basin and Pearl River Basin. （4) The downscaled results with different auxiliary variables in the Yellow River Basin are generally similar in spatial distribution. Downscaling TRMM using terrain as the only auxiliary variable generates the best results, while for GPM, GWR models with different auxiliary variables show no obvious difference.

Using the data set of 189 meteorological stations in the Yangtze River Basin from 1963 to 2018, the stepwise multiple regression (SMR) models are established for monthly (seasonal) average air temperature, monthly (seasonal) average maximum and minimum air temperatures to analyze the variation characteristics of near-surface air temperature gradients (TG). The forcing processes for TG variations are then investigated by using precipitation gradient (PG), relative humidity and moisture flux. The results are as follows: (1) The latitudinal (TGa) and longitudinal (TGo) gradients for respective classes of temperatures are steeper in winter but shallower in summer, while the changes of vertical gradients (TGe) are different for three classes of temperatures. Moreover, there are steeper values of TGa and TGe in the nighttime than daytime. (2) Although the partial correlation coefficients between temperature versus latitude, longitude and elevation are greater than the corresponding TG values, their changing trends are similar. All classes of temperatures have the highest partial dependence on elevation, while the average minimum temperature has overall the strongest dependence on each of geographical factors. (3) The space-time variations of relative humidity in the basin make the SMR models of air temperature have a more powerful performance in summer than winter. However, the similar geographic environments between the stations within the same altitude range lead to the model residuals exhibiting overall positive or negative values in a season. (4) The TG changes are modulated and controlled by the topography, precipitation, relative humidity and moisture flux in the basin. The seasonality of TGa variations is intensified by the conversion of moisture flux, and the stronger the dry cold air is, the steeper of the TGabecome. Meanwhile, the shallower values of TGomay be ascribed to the relatively uniform distribution of relative humidity, while the terrain effect makes them steeper. Besides, there is an opposite trend between vertical gradients of average maximum and minimum temperatures owing to the different temperature effects of cloud-radiative forcing in the day and night time.

Based on daily air temperature data at 112 meteorological stations in Yangtze River Delta and the change of construction land area within 10 km of each station from 1981 to 2015, the variation characteristics in the starting date and the length of four seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) and their impacts by urbanization were analyzed using climatic statistical methods, such as linear trend, Mann-Kendall test, correlation and significance test. The results showed that in the past 57 years, the starting dates of spring and summer in Yangtze River Delta were significantly earlier at 2.1 days and 1.7 days per decade respectively, while the those of autumn and winter presented a later trend by 2.0 days and 1.3 days per decade respectively, and showed earlier (later) trends in almost all regions. As a whole, the length of summer increased significantly by 3.6 days per decade, while that of winter shortened significantly by 3.5 days per decade in most areas of Yangtze River Delta. The length of spring and autumn did not change significantly. The starting date of four seasons all had abrupt change in the middle and late 1990s. There is a good correspondence between the increase of urban construction land area and the change of four seasons. The increase of construction land area caused by urbanization led to the change of surface physical properties, which changed the surface energy budget, promoted the seasonal temperature increase, and made the earlier spring and summer, later autumn and winter and longer summer and shorter winter.

The balance of available precipitation is of great significance to water resources, water environment and social development in the water source and water consumption areas of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Based on the daily data from 4 weather stations, the available precipitation ranged from 1980 to 2019 in Shiyan city, a typical city located in the water source area of the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project, was calculated; and the variation characteristics of the available precipitation in the study period were analyzed by Mann-Kendall method and wavelet analysis method. The results show that: due to the slight decrease of precipitation and the obvious increase of potential evapotranspiration in Shiyan city in the past 40 years, the available precipitation shows a decreasing trend(with a tendency rate 42.796 mm/10a). Both the annual and seasonal available precipitation had abrupt changes, and the annual available precipitation had abrupt changes around 1991. The significant quasi-periodicity of annual and seasonal available precipitation in Shiyan city is within 5 years. The available precipitation resources in Shiyan city is increasingly tight, and it is necessary to make full use of foreign water resources, to improve the efficiency of water resources utilization, and to ensure the smooth operation of the water conveyance project of “South-to-North Water Diversion”.

The hydrothermal index system containing nine factors such as air temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration was constructed based on the meteorological data of 27 meteorological stations in the Huai River Basin from 1959 to 2018 by calculating the evapotranspiration through FAO-PM56, and the characteristics of hydrothermal pattern for the Huai River Basin during these 60 years were revealed by climate tendency rate, Mann-Kendall (MK) test and geospatial interpolation. The results indicated that the Huai River Basin has been generally hot and damp during these years, with a wavelike rise in temperature, lowest temperature and annual precipitation while a decrease in highest temperature, sunshine duration, relative humidity and evapotranspiration. The hydrothermal pattern tends to be stable all year around with peaks in June and July, exhibiting a single-peak pattern. According to the interdecadal analysis, the hydrothermal trend in the studied area during these 60 years is significant with an average temperature throughout the year. Both the highest and lowest temperature firstly decrease before rise, but it is a totally difference case with sunshine duration, which firstly rises before decline, followed by an upward trend. In terms of the changes in sudden change, heat changes more steadily than waterfall. The spatial distribution of heat in the Huaihe River Basin is diagonally (southwest-northeast), which is jointly caused by latitude and longitude zonality and topographic action of north-south intersection belt. However, the spatial distribution of rainfall demonstrates significant latitude and vertical zonality.

Shennongjia National Park is one of the ten national parks in China, and has completed the phased pilot task in 2020. In 2021, China will formally establish the first batch of national parks. The principle of national parks is “ecological protection first”, the main purpose of which is to protect the authenticity and integrity of the natural ecosystem. Under this background, by combing the main problems in the pilot process of Shennongjia National Park, from the point of view of ecological protection, this study puts forward some suggestions on the adjustment of administrative areas, the improvement of management system and the restoration and protection of key ecological processes, in order to make suggestions for the protection and management of ecological civilization in Shennongjia National Park.

Monitoring  plant diversity and assessing its status are essential for biodiversity conservation and management. Shennongjia National Park is a biodiversity hotspot in China, studying methodology of monitoring and assessment of plant diversity in this area has certain reference significance for all kinds of natural protection areas in China. This paper briefly reviewed progress of plant diversity monitoring and assessment in Shennongjia area, and analyzed the existing problems and shortcomings. In addition, we put forward a systematic and continuous monitoring scheme and constructed a comprehensive assessment system of plant diversity, which may provide scientific supports and suggestions for the effective protection of plant diversity in Shennongjia National Park.

From 2012 to 2015 surveys, 39 locations of dragonflies were investigated in Shennongjia mountains. 88 species of dragonflies belonging to 55 genera, 15 families and 2 suborders were obtained. Anisoptera species are dominant, with 34 genera and 61 species, occupied 61.82% and 69.32% of the total respectively. Libellulidae is the most abundant family, with 25 species, occupied 28.41% of the total species. Zygoptera with 21 genera and 27 species, occupied 38.18% and 30.68% of the total respectively, Calopterygidae, Platycnemididae and Coenagrionidae are dominant groups with 5 species each, occupied 5.68% of the total. The main characteristic of Shennongjia dragonfly fauna is the oriental species are dominant, with 49 species recorded, occupied 55.68% of the total species, including 4 distribution types; 39 species are the Palaearctic-Oriental distribution type, occupied 44.32% of the total species, including 9 distribution types. The results show that Shennongjia mountains is an important dragonfly habitat, and dragonfly resources have significant regional characteristics. In order to further protect the diversity of dragonflies, effective conservation strategies should be taken.

Biogeography and conservation biology focus on patterns of biodiversity. However, previous studies have interested mainly in species diversity and have almost ignored the phylogenetic and functional facets, which results in an incomplete understanding of the patterns of biodiversity. Hence, we studied the spatial pattern of multi facets of biodiversity of macroinvertebrate in Shennongjia Mountain, and examined the relationship among the species diversity, taxonomic diversity and functional diversity. Our results showed that different facets of variously responded to slope. Variation of Species richness, species evenness and functional diversity indices in south slope were greater than north, while Variation of taxonomic diversity indices in north were greater than south. Median of functional diversity indices in south were higher than north. Significance test showed that different facets of biodiversity had no remarkable difference, which indicated patterns of different facets of biodiversity were not drove by slope in local scale. Correlation analyze showed that taxonomic diversity did not significantly correlations with functional diversity, which indicate there were weak relationships in different facets of biodiversity. Our study highlighted that different facets of macroinvertebrate diversity in Shennongjia Mountain were differential, and analyzing patterns of different biodiversity facets into conservation strategies will increase its effectiveness.

Dajiuhu Wetland is the birthplace of the first tributary of the Hanjiang River. It contains a variety of wetland types and has important biodiversity protection and potential scientific research and ecotourism value. In order to evaluate the status of plankton and water quality in Dajiuhu region, the water quality and plankton of the nine sub-lakes under its jurisdiction were sampled in 2015 and 2016. The results showed that a total of 129 species of 48 genera of 8 phylum phytoplankton and 36 species of 3 genera and 2 phylum of zooplankton were found in the nine sub-lakes; The highest average zooplankton abundance is Lake five and the highest average plant abundance index is Lake nine; Compared with the sampling results of six time periods, the water quality index for certain time periods in 2015 fluctuates significantly compared with the 2016 index and is highly eutrophication, It tends to be stable at Lake 9 and flows into the water hole at a relatively low value. The mean values of total phosphorus(TP), total nitrogen(TN), and biochemical oxygen demand(CODMn) were 0.032, 0.632, and 4.5 mg/L, The research results can be used as a reference for water environmental protection and ecological repair of the Dajiu Lake Wetland basis.

In order to understand and protect the environment and resources of the Dajiuhu wetland park, 12 field surveys of vertebrates were conducted between 2016 and 2018. A total of 232 species (26 orders and 78 families) of vertebrates were recorded, including 12 fishes species (2 orders and 2 families), 12 amphibians species (2 orders and 5 families), 14 reptiles species (1 order and 6 families), 167 birds species (16 orders and 52 families), and 27 mammals species (5 orders and 13 families). Fauna analysis showed that there were 114 oriental realm species, 69 palaearctic realm species, and 37 widespread species. Seventy-nine species were listed as national or provincial key protected animals, represented by Aquila chrysaetos, Haliaeetus albicilla and Ursus thibetanus. The analysis of Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness shows that diversity was represented by birds > mammals > reptiles > amphibians > fishes; evenness is represented by reptiles>birds>mammals >amphibians>fishes. The results show that vertebrates in the Dajiuhu wetland park have the characteristics of abundant species, higher diversity, more national-level protected animals, lower population density, less dominant species, abundant wetland birds, and more oriental realm species, playing an important biological group of wetland and shrub ecosystems.

From December 2018 to November 2019, the eddy-covariance and high-throughput sequencing technology were used to study the methane (CH₄ ) flux and the composition of methanogens in the subalpine peat wetland of Dajiuhu, Shennongjia, Hubei Province. The results and analysis show that the Dajiuhu peat wetland was the source of CH₄  during the study period. The total CH₄  emission was 9 333.26 mg.m^-2, and the average daily CH₄  emission flux was 18.50 nmol.m^-2.s^-1. The average CH₄  emission fluxes in winter, spring, summer, and autumn are 6.46, 4.62, 36.81, and 25.92nmol.m^-2.s^-1, respectively, and there are obvious seasonal variations.The dominant groups of methanogens in the study area are Methanoregula (66.73%) and Methanocella (21.99%).A two-factor analysis of variance was performed on the Shannon index of the methanogens in the samples. The diversity of methanogens in samples of different depths in the same season is significantly different. As the depth increases, the diversity index of methanogens shows a downward trend; the diversity of methanogens in samples of the same depth and different seasons is significantly different. The community composition of methanogens in summer is strongly positively correlated with CH₄  emission flux, and the community composition of methanogens in spring is strongly negatively correlated with CH₄  emission flux. There was a significant positive correlation between Methanothermus and CH₄  emission flux, and a significant negative correlation between Methanolinea and CH4  emission flux.

Functional and species diversity are quantified in various fields of ecology and conservation biology. Disentangling the relationships between species and functional components of diversity should increase knowledge of biodiversity patterns and improve conservation strategies of biodiversity. This study uses a year’s monthly survey date of aquatic insects in the Xiangxi River system to do research on the spatio-temporal dynamics of species and functional diversity; and the relationship between species and functional indices were discussed. The main results as follows: among the seasons, the average of species richness, Shannon index, evenness index were 2~44, 0.38~3.03, 0.89~1.0 respectively; by one-way ANOVA analysis we found that species richness and shannon index were all highest in winter, and lowest in summer; while evenness index showed higher in summer and spring than autumn and winter. In spatial pattern, the species richness and Shannon index were all highest in the Jiuchong river, followed by the Xiangxi river, and lowest in the Gaolan and Gufu river; while, the evenness index had no significant difference among the 4 river. Spatio-temporal dynamics of functional diversity indices were also analysed, and the results showed that only the functional richness had significant difference among seasons, other indices had no significant difference among the spatio-temporal patterns. Pearson correlation analysis was used to study the relationship among the diversity indices, and the results showed that there were no significant correlation among the 3 functional diversity indices (functional richness, functional evenness, functional divergence). The correlation of functional richness with species richness and Shannon index were extremely significant; the correlation of functional evenness with species richness and Shannon index were significant; while, the functional divergence not only significantly correlate with species richness and Shannon index, but also have extremely significant correlation with species evenness. Regression analysis was used to study the effect of species diversiy indices on functional diversity indices, and the results showed that functional richness was seriously influenced by species richness and Shannon index; functional evenness was significantly impacted by species richness; and functional divergence was significantly impacted by Shannon index and species evenness.

Compared with single-scale environmental factors, multi-scale environmental factors have a more comprehensive description of spatial distribution of aquatic life in the watershed. In Xiangxi watershed, altitude, land-use, water quality and hydrological fators were selected, and the Trophic Diatom Index (TDI), species richness and community composition were decomposed by Variation partitioning analysis in different seasons, using partial Redundancy Analysis and partial Canonical Correspondence Analysis to analyze the influence of large and small-scale environmental factors on the spatial distribution of benthic algae, respectively. The results showed that: (1) TDI is mainly influenced by small-scale environmental factors with 100% interpretation and no interaction; (2) Richness is influenced by large-scale and small-scale environmental factors respectively in different seasons with 100% interpretation and no interaction; (3) benthic algae composition is mainly influenced by altitude and altitude has an interaction with NO₃-N at 43%. While the results show that more small-scale environmental factors have an impact on benthic algae, the impact of large-scale environmental factors on benthic algae distribution is long-term and stable in the watershed.

Metacommunities are structured and maintained by a combination of local and regional processes. In monsoon region, the temporal dynamics of hydrological factors have important influences on stream metacommunity structures and structuring. Based on the theoretical framework of metacommunity, taking stream benthic diatoms as research objects, 12 sites in Xiangxi River were investigated from September 2004 to September 2006, the space-time interaction model, elements of metacommunity structure, and variation partitioning were used to analyze the temporal dynamics of the metacommunity structure and structuring processes, and through regression analyses, the relationship between the temporal dynamics of metacommunities and hydrological factors were explored. The results showed that the structures and structuring of stream metacommunity have obvious temporal dynamics. During the dry season and the normal season, the metacommunities presented nested structure, under the influences of dispersal limitation and environmental sorting processes, respectively. The high rate dispersal produced mass effect, which made metacommunity structures similar to Clementsian or Gleasonian. Floods played important roles in structuring stream metacommunity. The maximum flow within 7 days (Q7-max), and the time since three times the median discharge (Reset time) had significant negative impacts on the relative importance of spatial factors in metacommunity structuring. The reset time and the metacommunity structures showed a slightly significant binomial relationship, the metacommunity began to recover from 75 days after the flood.

Xiangxi River is the biggest tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir in Hubei Province, which has a length of 94 km, a catchment area of 3 099 km² and a natural fall of 1 540 m. There are many small run-of-river dams in the Xiangxi River system because of the high natural fall and their environmental consequences are worth paying more attention. From 20 October to 1 November in 2005, 18 small run-of river dam related segments were selected for measuring the main physicochemical variables and chlorophyll a concentrations (as a proxy of ecosystem function). The result showed that: (1) the main stream and the four tributaries demonstrated a high spatial heterogeneity in terms of environmental variables; (2) apparent impacts of cascade small run-of-river dams on chlorophyll a concentrations were found, particularly for the site just below the intake dam, where chlorophyll a concentrations increased significantly; (3) for the whole catchment, the main drivers of ecosystem function were DO, water depth, turbidity and flow velocity, however, different responses were found in distinct tributaries, indicating the potential effects of spatial heterogeneity; (4) almost 50% of the investigated river sections were dried out during the sampling period, and this implies that it’s urgent to quantify the minimum ecological water requirement to mitigate the negative effects of these dams. In addition, we advocate that understanding the interaction between run-of-river dams and other multiple stressors and their consequences on river biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services will be a core topic in river ecology, since this is essential for sustainable river basin management.

Head width is an important individual size parameter of insects，but the measurement of head width has some limitations，such as effects of human error，high time cost，and the use of a single parameter．With the development of computer technology，some size parameters of insects，including aquatic insects，which were previously difficult to ascertain，can now be obtained through image-based analysis．To promote the application of these size parameters in studies on phenology and age structure of insects，especially aquatic insects，it is important to clarify the correlations between size parameters and head width．Two species of aquatic insects，Ephemera wuchowensis Hsu，1937 and Caenis lubrica Tong and Dudgeon，2002，were selected for this study．These species have large differences in individual size throughout the larval period，and were selected to study the correlations between head width and individual size parameters obtained based on digital images，including area，perimeter，width and height of bounding rectangle，major and minor of fit ellipse，and Feret’s diameter．Digital images of the insects were obtained by scanning using a modified scanner，and the image analyses were carried out using ImageJ software．Correlation analysis of parameters based on binary linear regression and multivariate linear regression．The results show that all the individual size parameters of the two species of aquatic insects obtained based on ImageJ analysis had very high and significantly positive correlations with head width，and the correlation between area and head width was the most prominent．And the correlation between area and other size parameters is also very significant，which is a good representation of individual size．The results provide technical support and a theoretical basis for promoting the application of digital image analysis technology in biological and ecological studies on aquatic insects and other insects．

From July 2017 to June 2018，the primary production of phytoplankton in Xiangxi Bay was estimated by the method of directly obtaining the dissolved oxygen value of water body with high frequency dissolved oxygen meter. The seasonal variation of phytoplankton primary production and its driving factors in Xiangxi Bay were discussed. The results show that the trends of the values of primary production(GPP, NPP, R) are the same in the four seasons of a year, which are the highest in summer, the second in spring, the lowest in autumn and the last in winter, GPP、NPP、R have significant differences between the four seasons (Mann Whitney u test, P < 0.001). GPP ranged from 0.04 to 24.28 mg O₂ L^-1 d^-1；NPP ranged from -3.78 to 4.92 mg O₂ L^-1 d^-1；and R ranged from 0.01 to 16.87 mg O₂ L^-1 d^-1. The results of the generalized linear model show that there is a positive correlation between chlorophyll a (Chl a), total nitrogen (TN) and gross primary production (GPP), but a negative correlation between soluble silicon (DSI) and gross primary production (GPP); a positive correlation between chlorophyll a (Chl a), water temperature (WT) and respiratory consumption (R), and a negative correlation between soluble silicon (DSI) and respiratory consumption (R); we found no significant correlation with NPP.

A phytoplankton-nutrient non-linear dynamic model was constructed for the summer bloom in Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir in Shennongjia area. A general trend of temporal dynamics was reproduced and the pink value of algal biomass was simulated. Several equilibrium conditions with extinction of two kinds of algae were reached by adjusting initial phosphorus concentration. The model can predict the probability and intensity of algal bloom in the water bodies with different trophic levels to some extent. The present study also showed the reflection of variations inside the dynamic system to the real world within limit. Through the management of system parameters, the equilibrium state can be achieved or removed towards the direction that is beneficial to eco-environment.

Based on the water quality monitoring data of the adjacent mainstream of Three Gorges Reservoir and Xiangxi Bay from July 2003 to July 2013, using Carlson trophic status index and Evaluation method of two-dimensional coordinate system for Carlson trophic status difference. We described their trophic level in the past 10 years before and after the impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir, the trophic status of the water body and its limiting factors are evaluated. And the relationship between the trophic status and the hydrodynamic conditions in the mainstream and tributary streams was established to determine whether the hydrodynamic conditions on the main and tributary streams were the limiting factor of eutrophication. The results showed that the trophic status of Three Gorges Reservoir had not shown a significant upward or downward trend in the past 10 years. In Three Gorges Reservoir, the hydrodynamic conditions of the mainstream of the Yangtze River had little control effect on nutrient utilization. Different from the mainstream of Three Gorges Reservoir, the hydrodynamic conditions in the tributary Xiangxi Bay could affect the utilization of nutrients by algae to a certain extent, which indicated that we could control algal blooms by adjusting the hydrodynamic conditions of the tributary Xiangxi Bay.

Establishing a natural reserve system dominated by national parks is an important measure for the construction of China's ecological civilization. The main goal of the construction of national parks is to strengthen the protection of the authenticity and integrity of the natural ecosystem, realizing ownership by the state, sharing by the whole people and inheriting from generation to generation. It is very important for guarantee of national ecological security and promotion of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Public participation and cultural propaganda is therefore one of the core contents of national park construction. The authors discussed the status quo of publicity of Shennongjia National Park, and proposed some recommendations for propaganda of national parks from the perspective of public participation and citizen science, science communication and niche communication. To promote the overall image and brand value of national parks, the propagandizing processes should include agenda setting, content production, platform construction, information exchange and ecological well-being sharing. This paper could provide a reference for the construction and publicity of China’s national natural reserve system.

The realization of national park management goals depends on the support of a large amount of monitoring data and information. However, different management districts of national parks often have different management goals, therefore having different needs for monitoring data and information. In order to meet the different needs of the management in different management districts of national parks and improve the monitoring pertinence and efficiency of the ecological monitoring indicator system, this research discussed the feasibility of building an ecological monitoring indicator system for the national park based on different management districts, and constructed the ecological monitoring indicator system of two management districts in the Shennongjia National Park with the method of establishing an ecological monitoring indicator system of national parks oriented to management objectives. The results showed that there were differences in the monitoring content and monitoring indicators between the two management districts, reflecting the differences in management objects of the two districts. To a certain extent, it demonstrates that the ecological monitoring indicator system based on the management zoning is more targeted. It can not only meet the monitoring needs of different management districts, but also provide a reference for the construction of the ecological monitoring indicator system of different management districts of national parks in China.

Since 2013, the Dajiuhu wetland in Shennongjia has started the ecological migration project. In order to understand the changes of residents' fire and electricity consumption and resource consumption after ecological relocation of Dajiuhu, this paper collected and analyzed the energy consumption of relocated and non-relocated households by means of sample survey and visiting survey. The results showed that in addition to the population and the number of livestock, the altitude was also an important factor affecting the energy consumption of the family. The difference of firewood quantity and electricity consumption was 84% and 62.1% respectively, so relocation can give priority to high altitude areas. Before and after the relocation, the cooking consumption of residents changed from basically relying entirely on firewood to a mixture of gas and electricity, and the heating consumption changed from burning firewood to burning coal. After the relocation, residents realized zero consumption of firewood and zero deforestation, and the electricity consumption increased significantly. Compared with the living cost before the relocation, it increased by about 3 450 RMB. After the relocation, the residents' living conditions, living conditions, transportation facilities and income-generating opportunities have been improved; the 431 households relocated are equivalent to 47.08 hectares of forest protection per year, which has played a positive role in mountain closure for forest cultivation and ecological restoration.