Abstract: Functional and species diversity are quantified in various fields of ecology and conservation biology. Disentangling the relationships between species and functional components of diversity should increase knowledge of biodiversity patterns and improve conservation strategies of biodiversity. This study uses a year’s monthly survey date of aquatic insects in the Xiangxi River system to do research on the spatio-temporal dynamics of species and functional diversity; and the relationship between species and functional indices were discussed. The main results as follows: among the seasons, the average of species richness, Shannon index, evenness index were 2~44, 0.38~3.03, 0.89~1.0 respectively; by one-way ANOVA analysis we found that species richness and shannon index were all highest in winter, and lowest in summer; while evenness index showed higher in summer and spring than autumn and winter. In spatial pattern, the species richness and Shannon index were all highest in the Jiuchong river, followed by the Xiangxi river, and lowest in the Gaolan and Gufu river; while, the evenness index had no significant difference among the 4 river. Spatio-temporal dynamics of functional diversity indices were also analysed, and the results showed that only the functional richness had significant difference among seasons, other indices had no significant difference among the spatio-temporal patterns. Pearson correlation analysis was used to study the relationship among the diversity indices, and the results showed that there were no significant correlation among the 3 functional diversity indices (functional richness, functional evenness, functional divergence). The correlation of functional richness with species richness and Shannon index were extremely significant; the correlation of functional evenness with species richness and Shannon index were significant; while, the functional divergence not only significantly correlate with species richness and Shannon index, but also have extremely significant correlation with species evenness. Regression analysis was used to study the effect of species diversiy indices on functional diversity indices, and the results showed that functional richness was seriously influenced by species richness and Shannon index; functional evenness was significantly impacted by species richness; and functional divergence was significantly impacted by Shannon index and species evenness.