Based on the connotation of urbanization and greenization, the evaluation index system of urbanization and greenization is constructed. The spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the coupling coordination degree of urbanization and greenization in 108 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2005 to 2019 are depicted using the coupling coordination model and the exploratory spatial data analysis method. The spatial dubin model is used to explore the driving factors. The results show that: (1) The coordination level of the coupling between urbanization and greenization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has increased year by year, but greenization lags behind urbanization. The coordinated development level is rather low, showing the spatial distribution characteristics of “high in the east and low in the west”. (2)The coupling and coordination of urbanization and greenization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt shows a spatial agglomeration trend. The cities in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River are hot spots and have the characteristics of spatial lock-in, while the cold point areas undergo spatial migration, and finally form a spatial pattern of “large hot spots and small cold spots”; (3) The driving factors of the coupling and coordination of urbanization and greenization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are, ranging from more to less significance, the level of economic development, industrial structure, education investment, fixed asset investment, government management, and the degree of informatization. The driving force of each factor presents the characteristics of a spatial heterogeneity.

Coordinating land use and economic development plays an important role in achieving sustainable urban development. Based on panel data of 25 prefecture-level cities in Huaihe Eco-Economic Zone from 2006 to 2020, this study introduced a decoupling index model to examine coupling relationship between urban land expansion and economic growth in time and space dimensions. Results show that the decoupling relationship is generally characterized by four states: strong decoupling, weak decoupling, growth linkage and negative decoupling, with weak decoupling being the main one. In past two years, decoupling  of cities showed a weak trend, but towards a strong decoupling and negative decoupling. Based on measurement results, 25 cities are classified into three types of decoupling: ideal decoupling, average decoupling and undesirable decoupling. Based on above analysis, it is suggested that cities persist in promoting industrial transformation and upgrading, reasonably defining urban boundaries, accelerating the process of urbanization of population and continuously reducing the dependence on land finance.

China is in the stage of rapid urbanization. Urban expansion encroaches on ecological space, resulting in a large number of ecological landscapes becoming increasingly fragmented. Analyzing the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of urban expansion and ecological landscape can promote the construction of ecological civilization and sustainable urban development. In this paper, the landscape expansion index (LEI) combined with morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) was used to study the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of urban expansion and ecological landscape in Wuhan. The correlation between urban expansion type and ecological landscape type change was analyzed by establishing a multi-ring buffer zone. The results show that: (1) Among the types of urban expansion, the edge expansion is dominant but the expansion rate gradually slows down. The amount of enclave expansion decreases, which is distributed in the far urban area and is widely dispersed. The filling expansion is more concentrated and contiguous, mainly located in the central urban areas such as Jiang ’an District; (2) The relationship between urban expansion types and ecological landscape types in different circles is significantly different in different development stages; （3）The core area of the central urban landscape decreases with the expansion of the urban area. In the process of urban expansion, the ecological landscape is generally more and more broken. The edge expansion will accelerate the reduction of the core area of the ecological landscape. The enclave expansion will promote the fragmentation of the landscape unit, and the filling expansion will weaken the fragmentation of the ecological landscape. This study provides decision-making support for Wuhan’s land space planning, and has reference value for similar studies in the rapid urbanization area of central China.

Under the background of high-quality urban development and territorial planning in the new era, we need to accurately grasp the characteristics and structural mechanism of urban network. It is of great importance  for urban planning and transportation planning. This paper constructs the urban data matrix from the perspective of railway travels in different periods. The matrix depicts the pattern of urban networks on weekdays, weekends and holidays, and shows the structural characteristics and organizational patterns of different spatial scales. The results show that: cities that are closely related to railway travels are mainly concentrated in the east of the Hu Line, which is coupled with China’s high economically developed and heavily populated areas; The migration intensity of railway travels in holidays is significantly higher than that in other periods; The average travel distance on weekdays is the longest, and the whole network tends to be flat and balanced; The centrality shows a decreasing trend from weekdays, weekends to holidays; The level of railway travel population flow network is apparent. Working days, weekends and holidays form cross-regional urban agglomerations, high-speed rail corridors and urban agglomerations. Through the analysis of path dependence association, advantageous node linkage, and spatial structure interaction at different scales, this paper explores the formation mechanism of the spatial structure of urban network, supporting suggestions on global orbit fusion, key node lifting, and nested space connection.

Taking the township as the research unit, this paper fully considers the current situation of complex topography, scattered settlement distribution, backward economy and poor traffic level in the highland mountainous cities, and analyzes the spatial pattern of rural transportation road network accessibility in Lhasa city from two aspects of sub-evaluation and comprehensive evaluation by using the network analysis, spatial autocorrelation and geographically weighted regression, in an attempt to reveal the spatial variation of accessibility from township-county-grouping area and to propose optimization strategies. The results show that: (1) the accessibility level of the rural road network in Lhasa City varies greatly, showing the spatial variation characteristics of the “center-periphery” of the extreme core of accessibility, which is high in the south and decreases gradually to the east, west and north. (2) It is obvious that accessibility level is influenced by the topographic relief and slope, road network high impedance. (3) Accessibility level of administrative villages has a strong spatial agglomeration, with interaction of high and low accessibility areas and a radiation effect.（4）The road network accessibility level shows spatial heterogeneity in different sub-districts, and the configuration of different levels of roads and the layout of traffic facility points have a large impact on the accessibility level. Finally, optimization suggestions are proposed for different sub-districts to promote economic development, for the purpose of an effective and efficient integral development of urban and rural areas and a speeding up rural revitalization.

It has been 39 years since the foundation of the Pole-Axis System theory and the proposal of the “T-shaped” land development and economic layout by Mr. Lu Dadao. This theory has significant and a long-lasting impact on the construction of China’s national economy, the academic community and the decision makers. The Pole-Axis System theory reveals the interaction between points and axes in the evolution of region development. In essence, the theory is about the regional “optimal structure”, reflecting the process and pattern of regional evolution. It has been regarded as a unique academic paradigm, and has been widely adopted in the study of regional development. This paper reviews the background, theoretical connotation and procedure of the above theory and the T-shaped Spatial Structure of regional development , with an emphasis on the enlightenment of economic geography and strategic consultation in China’s modern development.

The study on the vulnerability of water-energy-food-ecology (WEFE) system is of great significance to ensure resource security and ecological security. Based on the pressure-state-response (PSR) framework and the random forest (RF) model, the WEFE vulnerability evaluation index system was constructed. The cross-efficiency data envelopment analysis (CE-DEA) method which considers the combination efficiency of self-evaluation and other-evaluation was used to calculate the vulnerability of the WEFE system of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2005 to 2020. The spatiotemporal dynamics were explored using the combined method of a kernel density function and a Kriging interpolation model. Finally, the Tobit model was used to analyze the influencing factors of WEFE vulnerability. The results show that the vulnerability of the WEFE system in the Yangtze River Economic Belt fluctuates. The spatial pattern features “high in the middle and low on both sides”, and the value of vulnerability features middle>East>West. The high-value region of vulnerability is accompanied by a shift towards the northwest. Economic development level, per capita meat production, environmental protection intensity and population density have positive effects on WEFE vulnerability, while industrial structure and technological progress have negative effects.

Tidal river is a land-ocean transitional section with unidirectional water flow and is subject to tidal wave influence. For example, the ~500 km long section between Datong and Jiangyin is regarded as a tidal river in the Yangtze River. Previous studies mainly focused on bathymetric changes based on the scour and sedimentation analysis of the water depth of the chart, while the geometric changes are less reported. Based on remote sensing images for 1989 to 2021, we analyze spatial-temporal changes of the channel geometry for the Datong-Xulujing reaches and quantify changes in the shoreline and channel area. Results show that the length of shorelines increased by ~4.5 km, and area of the islands and sand bars increased by ~96 km2 in the past 30 years. Large islands and sand bars sustain growth while the medium to small-sized islands and bars receded in both number and area. The evolution of the left and right shorelines of the river channel shows their  own characteristics. The left shoreline demonstrates an expansion to the river channel at an average annual rate of 4.10 m/a. The evolution of the right shoreline shows an apparent temporal and spatial distribution. Human activities in terms of reclamation and diking and reduction in sediment load are the main controlling factors of these changes. The outcomes can provide reference for the waterway regulation and river management of the Yangtze River.

The Shengjin Lake in Anhui Province is an important wintering habitat for waterbirds in the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain. As a river-connected lake, the landscape pattern manifests seasonal changes that affects the habitat suitability of waterbirds. This study investigated the change of landscape pattern of Shengjin Lake and the influencing factors, using correlation analysis and regression models, for the period of waterbird wintering season (i.e., from November 2021 to April 2022). Data of remote sensing images of Landsat and GF6, water levels, and meteorological data were collected. Results showed that the water level played a major role in controlling the landscape pattern. In the early wintering period when the water level was below 11 m, the grassland and mudflats area reached the maximum values of 51.6 km² and 14.4 km², respectively. A rising of water level during the middle wintering season led to an expansion of water surface area and a rapid shrinkage of grassland and mudflats coverage, reaching the minimum of 5.6 km² and 8.5 km², respectively. In the late wintering period when the water level was above 13 m, the core area of Shengjin Lake Reserve was dominated by water surface, and the area of grassland and mudflats was less than 5 km²,distributing near the lake bank. The human control in Huangpen Sluice caused a decline of water level in early March, and an associated increase of the coverage of grassland. The findings were further supported by a statistical analysis. At the landscape scale, the water level was significantly positively correlated with the largest patch index and contagion index (p<0.05), while negatively correlated with the patch density and Shannon’s diversity index (p<0.05). Moreover, regression results revealed that precipitation was a major factor affecting the water level of Shengjin Lake (p<0.05). In the middle and late wintering periods, precipitation affected the landscape pattern of Shengjin Lake via its influence on the lake water level. The Reserve Department may regulate the lake water level according to the seasonal changes of the landscape pattern of Shengjin Lake to provide a suitable habitat for waterbirds during the wintering season.

This study measured the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics of land use transformation patterns and ecological environment quality in the “Yangtze River Delta” urban agglomeration from 1980 to 2020, using the methods of land use transfer matrix and ecological environment quality index. The remote sensing image data in 1980, 2000, and 2020 were used. Apart from that, the driving mechanism of the ecological environment quality in this region was explored by adopting geographic detector model. The results show that: (1) the “three lives” of the “Yangtze River Delta” urban agglomeration demonstrated a significant spatial differentiation from 1980 to 2020. Production and living land were concentrated in the Yangtze River Basin floodplain and the northeast coastal areas, with an overall decrease trend in production land and a rapid increase in living land in terms of an expanding trend. Ecological land mainly distributed in the hilly and mountainous areas of southern Anhui and northern Zhejiang and the floodplain zone. (2) The ecological environment quality of the “Yangtze River Delta” urban agglomeration experienced a “U-shaped” evolution process of decreasing and increasing over time, with the lowest quality in 2000. In general, a spatial distribution pattern of “high quality in the south and low quality in the north” was indicated. In particular, a low-quality area centered in Yancheng, Taizhou, Nantong, and Shanghai, a median-quality area in a belt shape in the Yangtze River Basin, and a high-quality area centered in Hangzhou of northern Zhejiang and southern Anhui. (3) Factors of land development intensity (X16), policy attention level (X17), fixed asset investment in society (X9), unit area grain yield (X10), urban green area (X15), carbon emissions (X13), and urbanization rate (X6) were the main ones influencing ecological environment quality in the “Yangtze River Delta” urban agglomeration.

The Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration is a densely populated region with a highly developed economy and advanced technology. However, the high energy consumption in this region has led to significant environmental challenges. Spatiotemporal distribution of PM_2.5 concentration and its evolution trend were analyzed with the air quality data of 202 stations in the near surface layer from January 2015 to May 2022. The transport routes and potential contributing areas of the pollutants were determined with the help of the Hysplit model. Based on the modelling results, the effects of wind and topographic changes on pollutant enrichment and diffusion were discussed. The results showed that: (1)The average concentration of PM_2.5 in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration was 38.26 μg/m3, which was slightly higher than the air quality standard in China. However, among the studied 202 stations, the number of sites with annual average values exceeding the standard accounted for 26.24%, and the number of sites with daily average values exceeding the standard accounted for as high as 92.08%, mainly occurred in winter. This implied that the air quality in this region still faced severe challenges; (2)Under the background of economic development with ecological priority, the annual average concentration of PM2.5 in the region showed a significant downward trend at a rate of 4.07 μg/(m3·a), for the studied period. The decrease was the most significant around the center of Hefei-Chuzhou and the line of Yangzhou-Taizhou-Wuxi-Suzhou-Yuhang (Hangzhou), which indirectly indicated the policy strength in action in the main body of the Yangtze River Delta, in an attempt to deal with the environmental pollution. (3)The correlation of PM2.5 concentration with the wind speed was worthy of attention in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. When the wind speed was greater than 4 m/s, more pollutants could be transported into the study area, worsening air quality. The proportion of days with PM2.5 concentration failing to meet the standard (Level 1 standard) increased with the increase of wind speed. (4)In winter, the strong northerly winds transported pollutants mainly originated from human emissions in the area around the Yellow Sea and along the lines of Handan-Jining-Zaozhuang-Southwest Huaian-Chuzhou, and consequently affected the PM2.5 concentration. Therefore, it was suggested that the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration carry out cross-regional ecological compensation, relying on economic and technological advantages to limit or reduce the discharge of pollutants from external sources, and to improve the livability of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration.

The change of urban green space pattern leads to the change of ecosystem services during ecological transformation of mining cities. In this paper, Xuzhou City, a typical mining city, was selected as the research site. Green space information in 2000, 2010 and 2020 was extracted via remote sensing images. Landscape pattern index method was used to explore the evolution of green space pattern to evaluate four ecosystem services, including food supply, carbon storage, soil conservation and habitat quality in order to explore the tradeoff and cooperative relationship of ecosystem services in the process of ecological transformation. The results indicated: (1) The green space in Xuzhou accounted for more than 70% of the total area of the research site in 2000-2020, but with a gradual decline. On the one hand, a large amount of green spaces was transformed into construction land along with the rapid urbanization process; on the other hand, part of the non-green spaces was transformed into green spaces due to urban ecological construction and ecological restoration of abandoned mining areas, including the central urban area, built-up area in Jiawang District and coal mining subsidence area. (2) The heterogeneity of urban green space landscape in Xuzhou has been declining, which somewhat relieves the degree of fragmentation. The landscape form has been becoming intact gradually with a reasonable connectivity. (3) Influenced by the change of green space pattern, food supply quantity of green space continues to increase, and soil conservation decreases first and then increases, and the carbon storage and habitat quality declines continuously. The ecosystem service level presents a spatial characteristics of “high in the periphery and low in the middle”. (4) In Xuzhou’s ecological system, tradeoff relationship exists between supply services (food supply) and regulation services (carbon storage and soil conservation), and between supply services and support services (habitat quality). Mutual gain-based cooperative effect exists between regulation services (carbon storage and soil conservation) and support services (habitat quality).

With the development of social economy, heavy metals in urban lakes have attracted more and more widespread attention. Qingshan Lake, a lake in a typical mining and metallurgy city called Huangshi, was selected as the research site. In December, 2020, surface sediments and core column samples were collected, and the physical and chemical properties and the contents of chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were examined. The methods of multivariate statistics, spatial interpolation, ground accumulation index and potential ecological hazard index were used to explore their spatial distribution characteristics and pollution level, and the sources of pollution were also analyzed. Finally, the evolution characteristics and pollution history of heavy metals in Qingshan Lake were analyzed by using SCP (Spheroidal carbonaceous particles) dating. The results show that: (1) The contents of heavy metal elements Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu and Zn in the surface sediments of Qingshan Lake are 34.88-69.88 (mean: 59.17), 68.41-102.29 (mean: 82.48), 38.76-51.10 (mean: 46.26), 99.91-479.43 (mean: 201.16) and 217.83-384.98 (mean: 300.18) mg/kg, respectively. These magnitudes exceeded the background values by 0.69, 3.09, 1.24, 86.55 and 3.59 times, respectively. (2) that the metals of Cu, Pb and Zn reached moderate or above pollution levels, and the pollution status of each heavy metal element is Cu > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cr. The comprehensive potential ecological hazard degree of all samples is above medium, and the potential ecological risk of a single heavy metal element is Cu > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cr. (3) The two-dimensional ranking results of RDA (Redundancy analysis) analysis show that Ni is a natural source, derived from rock weathering and soil parent material, while Cr, Pb, Cu and Zn are anthropogenic sources from traffic and atmospheric deposition. (4) Spherical carbon dating show that the average deposition rate of Qingshan Lake after 1995 was 1.25 cm/year, the average deposition rate from 1950s to 1995 was 0.5 cm/year, and the deposition rate before 1950s was 0.3 cm/year. The evolution of heavy metal content in Qingshan Lake can be divided into four stages. Before the 1950s, the Huangshi area was in low industrial and agricultural outputs, and a relatively low industrial level, and hence a low heavy metal pollution; From 1950s to 1980s, after the founding of the People′s Republic of China, the industry started to develop, but at a relatively low speed which caused heavy metals to be enriched; From 1980s to 2000s, heavy industries of mining and metallurgy in Huangshi area continued to grow, and a large number of heavy metal pollutants were discharged into the environment, causing a rapid increases in heavy metal pollution.; After 2000s, mineral resources were gradually depleted, and with the upgrading of industrial technology and the promulgation of environmental protection regulations, heavy metal pollution was controlled to a reasonable level.

In recent years, flooding events happened frequently and severely affected people’s lives and property. Objective and accurate risk assessment is vital for urban flood risk prevention and emergency management. This paper takes the flood event happened in Yichang City in late June 2020 as an example to analyze the influencing factors of urban flooding and conduct risk assessment. Firstly, based on RS remote sensing technology, we extracted the inundation area of water bodies before and after flooding using Sentinel II radar images and conducted random sampling. Then, initially selected 16 basic indicators from four different perspectives: flood-causing, flood-pregnant, flood-bearing and recovery capability. Finally, the XGBoost model was used to assign weights to the optimized indicators and carry out risk assessment. The assessment results show that: (1) among the factors influencing flood risk in Yichang, the influence of topography and river distribution > socio-economic factors > meteorological factors; (2) the scope of high-risk areas is closely related to the distribution of major river systems such as the Yangtze River, Qingjiang River, Fuzhan River, Huangbai River and Yuyang River. The relative departments in Yichang should be highly sensitive to the water level of these river systems and make the essential emergency management measures; (3) the low-risk to medium-risk areas account for 71.8% of the total area of the region, but only contain 8% of the flood hazard sites; while the high-risk area only accounts for 7.32% of the total area, but contains 81.33% of the flood hazard sites, indicating a high flooding intensity in this area; (4) the assessment results of the model are verified to be consistent with the actual situation in Yichang City by using small-scale historical disaster data, the verification results show that 72% of the validation points fall into the high to higher-risk areas, and up to 92% of the validation points fall into the medium-high risk areas. This study solves the difficulty of quantitative assessment of flood risk at fine scales, and provides a useful reference for urban flood risk management, disaster prevention and mitigation efforts and regional planning.

The function of the national ecological security barrier in Three-River-Source National Park is prominent, so it is of great significance to construct and optimize its ecological security pattern. Based on the land use and remote sensing data in 2020, and the morphological pattern spatial analysis method (MSPA), we constructed the ecological sensitivity evaluation system. In addition, we extracted the important ecological corridors and potential ecological corridors to form the ecological security pattern of Three-River-Source National Park. The functions of the ecological security pattern were optimized using the minimum cumulative resistance model and the gravity model. The results are as follows: (1) The ecological source area of Three-River-Source National Park was 26 833 km2, accounting for 21.80% of the total area. (2) A total of 9 important ecological corridors (536.62 km) and 55 potential ecological corridors (6 080.15 km) were extracted, among which 45 potential ecological corridors (5 124.17 km) and 8 important ecological corridors (522.10 km) were extracted from the Yangtze River Source Park and Lancang River Source Park. Meanwhile, 10 potential ecological corridors (955.98 km) and 1 important ecological corridor (14.52 km) were extracted from Huangheyuan Park. (3) Optimization of the ecological functions of Three-River-Source National Park results in a core protection area (39 613.58 km²), an ecological conservation area (67 261.84 km²), a recreation exhibition area (10 143.44 km²) and a traditional utilization area (6 081.34 km2), accounting for 32.18%, 54.64%, 8.24%, and 4.94% respectively. The results provided reference value for the spatial planning of Three-River-Source National Park and future function optimization of national ecological security barriers.

The management of agricultural surface source pollution is a key link in promoting the low-carbon transformation and green development of agriculture in China. In order to analyze the important role of high standard basic farmland construction policy in reducing agricultural surface source pollution, this paper attempts to construct a theoretical analysis framework of the impact of high standard basic farmland construction policy on agricultural surface source pollution. The theory was empirically tested using continuous DID model and mediating effect model. The results show that the policy of high standard basic farmland construction has a continuous inhibitory effect on agricultural surface pollution. This conclusion is still valid after replacing the core explanatory variables, placebo test and excluding other policy interference and other robustness tests. "In the physical geography dimension, the "pollution reduction" effect of the policy is significant in the eastern and central regions, but not in the western region. The analysis of the impact mechanism shows that the policy of high standard basic farmland construction can curb agricultural surface pollution through the dual channels of improving land quality and increasing the efficiency of agricultural operation scale. Accordingly, by continuously releasing the policy dividends from the construction of high-standard basic farmland, guiding the large-scale operation of land and accelerating the promotion of green agricultural technology, the two strategic objectives of "reducing pollution" and "increasing production" will be promoted in an integrated manner to achieve sustainable agriculture development in China.

China is a country with scarce water resources, and the spatial-temporal distribution of water resources is not compatible with arable land and population. Agricultural development is thus hindered, it is important to study the drivers of agricultural water use to save water. This study selected the Yangtze River Economic Zone as the research object, the agricultural economy of which accounts for more than 40% of the national total, and selected the influencing factors of agricultural water consumption against the perspective of water-energy-food-land nexus. The LMDI method was used to analyze its spatial-temporal evolution and the driving effects related to population scale effect, irrigation quota effect, land use effect, machinery use effect, per capita mechanical power effect and agricultural employment structure effect. The results indicated that: (1) The per capita mechanical power effect and the population size effect are the main factors for the incremental water use in agriculture; (2) The agricultural employment structure effect and the machinery use effect are the main factors in the reduction of water use; (3) The driving effect is heterogeneous across provinces and cities in terms of its impact on agricultural water consumption; (4) There is a temporally and spatially interchangeable correlation between the driving effects of agricultural water use in the Yangtze River Economic Zone. Therefore, it is recommended to reduce agricultural water consumption by regulating each driver effect in positive and negative mutual directions and differentiating water conservation policies by province and city. In addition, neighboring provinces can take advantage of interoperability and achieve a cooperative development in order to minimize differences in agricultural water consumption within the Yangtze River Economic Zone.

Under the background of rural revitalization, the rural production space in urban fringe has undergone great changes. This paper selected Weidang, Baodian and Xicheng villages in Lujiang County, the edge of Hefei City, Anhui Province, as the case sites to analyze the typical models of three different types of rural production space transformation. Field research, in-depth interview and geospatial analysis were used. This study may provide theoretical reference for rationalizing the development of rural production space and accelerating the process of urban-rural integration. The results show that: （1）Cities have a significant impact on the transformation of production space in the surrounding countryside, forming the centralized development model of industrial parks under the guidance of Industrilization, the integration model of agriculture and tourism under the guidance of tourism, and the modern agriculture model supported by technology development. (2)The transformation of different types of rural production space demonstrates great differences. The industrial dominant mode develops from dispersed industrial layout to industrial park under the influence of urban industry transfer, and the agriculture and tourism integration mode gradually transforms from environmental improvement to the agriculture and tourism mixed space driven by the tourism market. Under the influence of technology development, modern agricultural model is transformed from traditional decentralized management space to modern large-scale agricultural production space. (3)The transformation of rural production space is affected by a variety of factors. Rural conditions such as location and resource endowment are the basic ones for the transformation of rural production space. Urban industrial transfer, tourism market and rural revitalization policies play a key role in promoting the transformation of rural production space from a single agricultural space to a diverse direction of three-industry space integration.