High-quality development is the major task in building China’s socialist modernization. Based on the perspective of new development concept and safe development principles, this paper developed a high-quality development evaluation index system and measured the high-quality development level of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, urban agglomerations, and cities. Spatial statistics and analysis techniques were adopted to explore the characteristics and evolution of high-quality development at different scales in the economic belt. The results show that: (1) The high-quality development level of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has been improved significantly, but the absolute development gap has been widened in the past decade. (2) The high-quality development gap within and among the three major urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was obvious, with the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomerations having the highest development level and the smallest internal gap. The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River and the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration have been improved rapidly, but the internal gap of the former has been narrowed significantly. (3) The level of urban high-quality development showed a decreasing trend from the lower reaches among cities of the Yangtze River Economic Belt to the upper reaches. And the high-value cities has been increased in the lower reaches, while the low-value cities has been improved in the middle and upper reaches. Based on the analytic results, this paper put forward certain policy suggestions to improve regional differences among different reaches, to optimize spatial structure of urban agglomerations, to promote high-quality development of cities through weak dimensions, and to strengthen institutional mechanisms of coordinated development.

Innovation is a new engine to promote economic development. Exploring the development of innovation is of great significance to promoting the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Based on the data of 108 prefecture-level and above cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2010, 2015, and 2020, starting from the connotation of innovation and development, a comprehensive evaluation index system covering four dimensions of innovation resources, innovation investment, innovation performance, and innovation environment is constructed. Using the Topsis assessment based on the entropy weight method to measure the overall and subdimension levels of urban innovation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Using methods such as Dagum’s Gini coefficient decomposition to explore the spatial and temporal differences and evolution gradient characteristics of the urban agglomeration’s innovation and development level. The research shows that: (1) The innovation resources, innovation investment, and innovation performance of the Yangtze River Economic Belt are being optimized year by year, but the innovation environment shows a trend of rising first and then declining, and the high-value areas are mainly concentrated in core cities and cities with relatively developed economies. (2) The overall level of innovation continues to improve, and the spatial distribution shows a stepwise increase from the upper reaches to the middle reaches to the lower reaches. (3) The Gini coefficient of the overall innovation and development level shows a trend of rising first and then falling. The difference between urban agglomerations is the main factor that affects the imbalance of innovation development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

The construction of regional innovation networks is an important support for building an innovative country and a crucial guarantee for achieving high-quality regional development. Using patent transfer and cooperation data between cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, this paper employs methods of K-means clustering and geodetector to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of technology transfer and cooperation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. In particular, this paper explores the role chenges of cities of different types in the technology innovation network, analyzes the development patterns of patent flow, and examines the impact of multi-proximity on technology transfer and cooperation. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) The technology innovation network in the Yangtze River Economic Belt exhibits apparent heterogeneity in terms of network density distribution and important node distribution. (2) The types and features of city nodes in the technology innovation network have undergone significant changes, evolving from one single center to multiple centers, and the radiation-driven effect of first-level central cities has been constantly strengthened. (3) The net inflow of patents exhibits an inverted U-shaped relationship with patent application and per capita GDP. Cognitive proximity, social proximity, institutional proximity, economic proximity, industrial proximity, technological proximity, and geographical proximity all have impacts on technology transfer and cooperation, but their intensity and significance vary at different times, and there is a significant interaction enhancement effect between different proximity factors.

 Based on the new development concept, an evaluation index system of the coordinated development level of the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt was established in this study. Focusing on the four core elements of coordinated development: urban and rural areas, regions, elements and nature, 20 specific indicators were selected for 108 cities and prefectures in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2020, aiming to analyze the spatial heterogeneity and spatio-temporal evolution of the coordinated development level of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The results show that: Firstly, the downstream areas of the Yangtze River Delta have higher development levels than other regions in all evaluation dimensions and have significant spillover benefits, indicating a great radiation effect on the whole Yangtze River Economic Belt. Secondly, the analysis of internal gravitational force of urban agglomerations indicates that the cohesion of the downstream area urban agglomerations occupies an absolute advantage, and the three national urban agglomerations all show a strong growth trend of strengthening. Thirdly the provincial development level is obviously affected by the provincial capitals. The provinces with high-developed capital show a clear skew in resources, while the similar urban agglomeration with provincial capital as the core show an imbalance in overall development. Therefore, based on the spatio-temporal evolution regulation and current characteristics of the coordinated development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from the perspective of high-quality development, our study proposes policy suggestions on the implementation of differentiated development strategies and coordinated regional development, with a view to promoting the coordinated development level of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

Green development is one of the core elements of regional high-quality development. An analysis of the spatial-temporal pattern evolution and its driving mechanism can help provide a scientific basis for policy formulation. This paper constructs the evaluation index system of green development level of Yangtze River Economic Belt from six dimensions: green economy, green production, green environment, green ecology, green innovation and green living. The panel entropy-Critic method, kernel density estimation, spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial Durbin model are used to explore the green development level of 108 prefecture-level cities in Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2019. The results show that (1) the overall green development level of the Yangtze River Economic Belt shows an increasing trend, with relatively significant spatial divergence characteristics and gradually expanding overall differences; (2) the overall green development level of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has spatial dependence and spatial spillover, and has relatively obvious spatial club convergence characteristics, with the H-H agglomeration area. The H-H agglomeration is mainly located in the downstream region of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, while the L-L agglomeration is scattered in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan, and the polarization phenomenon within the belt is quite obvious; (3) economic development, environmental regulation, scientific and technological progress, industrial structure optimization, government support, human resources and natural resources conditions obviously have positive effects on green development within and between regions.

Green innovation is an important driving force to promote the green and high-quality development of urban economy. Taking the “Broadband China” demonstration policy as a quasi-natural experiment for information infrastructure construction, based on panel data of 108 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, this paper systematically investigates the direct, indirect and spatial effects of the “Broadband China” demonstration policy on urban green innovation using the staggered difference-in-difference model and the spatial difference-in-difference model. The study finds that information infrastructure construction significantly improves the level of green innovation in cities, and the results remain robust after a series of tests including heterogeneity treatment effects. This improvement effect is more obvious in cities in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, key cities, and cities rich in scientific and educational resources. The mechanism test shows that information infrastructure construction improves the green innovation level of cities through the talent clustering effect, the Internet level improvement effect, and the digital finance promotion effect. The spatial double difference results show that information infrastructure construction has a spatial spillover effect on urban green innovation, and the policy effect is simultaneously influenced by the economic similarity and geographical proximity of cities. The findings of the study provide empirical insights for further promoting the development of information infrastructure to strengthen urban green innovation.

High level opening up is the way to achieve high quality economic development. Taking the prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the research object, this paper studies the evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the two-way linked opening pattern of the Yangtze River Economic Belt based on the data of international freight forwarding enterprises since 2010, using the methods of urban networks. The study finds that the two-way opening pattern of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is being accelerated, yet westward opening still needs to be strengthened, and the overall openness of the upper, middle and lower reaches differs significantly. The Yangtze River Economic Belt’s role in opening up as a traction to other regions of the country has been strengthening. The overall two-way opening linkage intensity in the downstream region is consistently at the highest level, while the upstream region shows the fastest growth in both internal and external two-way opening linkage. The overall opening linkage between the downstream and upstream areas within the Yangtze River Economic Belt is the highest, with Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang being highlighted as eastward opening gateways. The opening linkage between the midstream and upstream regions is always the weakest, and cities above the sub-provincial level and provincial capitals take a leading role in the two-way opening development of the economic belt. The demand for local economic development, the improvement of innovation and business service capacity, the establishment of high-level platforms, and the enhancement of comprehensive transportation conditions are the main influencing factors to promote the two-way linked opening of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

China’s economy has shifted from high-speed growth to high-quality development, and the shared development has become the fundamental objective. Based on the evaluation index system of prefectural units and shared development, this study quantitatively evaluates the differences and changes in shared development levels in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2020. The results show that: the shared development levels of different scale grade cities decreased in order. The downstream area forms a high agglomeration area with Shanghai, Nanjing, and Hangzhou as the core, with strong radiation-driven effects. In the upstream and midstream areas, Wuhan and Chengdu form two extreme value centers, but with weak radiation-driven effects. From 2010 to 2020, the first class of central cities is steadily increasing in general, the second class of central cities and regional central cities are significantly elevated, while the regional central cities differ between uplift and subsidence, and other cities are lowering significantly. The Yangtze River Delta region and part of the midstream areas are significantly growing, and other cities of the upstream and midstream areas are significant decreasing. The gap between downstream and upstream is widening. The difference in cultural resources is the most obvious factor, followed by the fiscal expenditure on social security and employment. The economically developed areas enjoy a high level of shared development in compulsory education, culture, social security, and employment, while the economically backward areas have the advantages in health and medical community and environmental greening. The results show the advantages and disadvantages of the sharing development level of different scale-grade cities, and provide a basis for the formulation of differentiated policies for the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

In the context of economic globalization, urban agglomeration becomes an important foci and form of territorial development. Based on the perspectives of institutions and mechanisms, development trends, innovative industries, ecological environment, infrastructure provision, and public services, this paper establishes an index system to assess the integration levels of five urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.This study analyzes how the development levels have changed across different urban agglomerations during the last decade. This paper attemptsto provide scientific references for the high-quality development of urban agglomerations.It is found that the regional integration of five urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt shows a decreasing trend from the downstream to the upstream areas. TheYangtze River Delta Urban Agglomerations has the highest development level, followed by the Triangle of Central China,Chengdu-Chongqing City Group, and the two regional urban agglomerations in central Yunnan Province and central Guizhou Province. For the five dimensions of regional integration, the integration levelof infrastructure development in urban agglomerations is the highest, while that of innovative industries is the lowest.In the past 10 years, there has been significant progress in the urban agglomeration integrated development, but the development content and promotion degrees differ.The middle and lower reaches of urban agglomerations focus on public services, while the upper reaches focus on infrastructure construction.This paper puts forward appropriate policy suggestions on the integrated regional development of urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from perspectives of short-term improvement and institutional mechanism construction.

Integrating the concept of high-quality development into urban land use, and based on the panel data of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2010 to 2020, we explored the spatial and temporal pattern characteristics of high-quality use of urban land (HUUL) by using the comprehensive evaluation model and exploratory spatial data analysis. We analyzed the spatial interaction effect and driving factors of HUUL in the Yangtze River Delta by using the spatial Durbin model and partial differential method. The results show that: (1) From 2010 to 2020, the HUUL level in the Yangtze River Delta region showed a continuous growth trend, while the spatial differentiation was significant. The cities along the Yangtze River and the coastal cities around Hangzhou Bay had higher HUUL levels, while the western region of the Yangtze River Delta had lower HUUL levels. (2) The level of HUUL in the Yangtze River Delta region showed a significant positive global spatial autocorrelation. The local space was characterized by High-High and Low-Low concentration types. The spatial interaction effect of HUUL among cities were significant. (3) Infrastructure, technological innovation, and government management were the important driving factors that affected the HUUL spatial interaction effect among cities, while Economic level and industrial structure only affected the local cities’ HUUL, and the spillover effect on neighboring cities was not significant. The level of informatization had significant positive promotion effects on the HUUL of neighboring cities. The research results are of great significance for revealing the internal mechanism of HUUL spatial interaction effect and for guiding the Yangtze River Delta region to improve the quality of urban land use from the perspective of regional linkage.

The study of the relationship between station and city is a core issue in the rapid development of China's high-speed railway (HSR) network, however, there is still relatively little relevant research on this aspect. This study explores the spatial structure characteristics of the Yangtze River Delta HSR network “flow” based on two spatial analysis units: cities and HSR stations, using complex network theory. The main findings are as follows: (1) From the perspective of cities, Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, and Hefei are in the core position of the HSR network. The Yangtze River Delta region is divided into four sub-networks, reflecting the regional closeness of the HSR network. (2) From the “station-city” perspective, the multi-station characteristics of a city can be classified into four types, and most cities generally only have one HSR station in a core position. However, there are large differences in the types of core stations. Therefore, this study suggests that the development of high-speed railway station areas should be comprehensively considered from both the perspectives of station and city. The conclusions of this study provide a useful reference value for the multi-scale and cross-scale spatial analysis of the HSR network “flow” characteristics.

Abstract：With the deepening of the national strategy of new urbanization and rural revitalization, the trend of diversification in the development of villages and towns in developed regions has further strengthened. The determination of the leading functions of village and town development in a county is the basis for developing industries and protecting the ecological environment in accordance with local conditions in village and town areas. This paper analyzes the characteristics and formation process of functional differentiation in the development of villages and towns in developed regions, focusing on the spatial distribution characteristics and formation mechanisms of different dominant functional types of villages and towns in Liyang City. The research shows that: (1) The spatial differentiation of villages and towns with different leading functions in Liyang City is significant. Most of the agricultural product supply oriented villages and towns are concentrated in the western suburbs, and the industrial integration oriented villages and towns have relatively superior geographical conditions, while most of the rural tourism and ecological conservation oriented villages and towns are located in ecological protection areas. (2) The development characteristics of typical villages and towns with different functions differ significantly, including large-scale production of agricultural products, integrated development of three industries, environmentally friendly tourism industry, and improvement of comprehensive economic and ecological benefits. (3) There are significant differences in the formation mechanisms of villages and towns with different dominant functions, which can be classified into three types of formation mechanisms: the urban-rural resource replacement model, the urban-rural integration development model, and the characteristic resource element combination model.

A good ecological environment is the universal welfare of people's livelihood. Accurate identification of the influential factors of ecological environment quality in townships is conducive to support the improvement of ecological environment quality. At present, there is a lack of research on the socio-economic influential factors of ecological environment quality at the township (street) scale, and less attention is paid to the spatial heterogeneity of the influential factors. Therefore, we first evaluated and analyzed the spatial distribution of the ecological environment quality condition of each township in Jiangsu Province by using the ecological environment quality index observed by remote sensing technology. Then, the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model was used to quantify the spatial heterogeneity of the socio-economic influential factors affecting the ecological environment quality. Finally, relevant policy recommendations were suggested. The results showed that: (1) Based on the method of Jenks natural breaks classification, most townships in Jiangsu Province had medium ecological environment quality ratings. Townships with high ecological environment quality index were located in the west, and the ones with low index in the east and south. (2) There is a significant spatial autocorrelation in the ecological environment quality index distribution, with the core hot spot area expanding outward around Taihu Lake, Hongze Lake, and Gaoyou Lake, the three largest lakes in Jiangsu Province. (3) Ecological environment quality in most townships (streets) positively correlated with the number of employees in technical industry enterprises, the average tertiary industry GDP, the proportion of villages with the centralized garbage disposal, and the total power of agricultural machinery, while negatively correlated with population density and GDP per capita. The socio-economic factors demonstrated a significant spatial heterogeneity, implying the necessity of formulating regional-specific ecological environmental protection strategies and measures.

National parks have extremely high natural elements and ecological values. As the only national park in the Yangtze River Delta, the study of ecosystem services in Qianjiangyuan National Park is beneficial to the management of ecological assets and sustainable development of the region. Therefore, this paper explored the evolution of ecosystem services and measured the trade-off synergistic relationship among ecosystem services in Qianjiangyuan National Park over the past 30 years.Based on the InVEST model, four eco-services, including water supply, soil conservation, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, and habitat quality, were evaluated from 1990 to 2020, and the temporal and spatial evolution law was explored. The ecosystem services trade-off synergy model (ESTD) was used to analyze the trade-off synergy between ecosystem services. (1) The total quality of ecosystem services in Qianjiangyuan National Park showed an increasing trend, among which water supply services decreased from 2.39×107m³ to 1.92×107m³, and the quality of soil conservation, carbon sequestration and oxygen release and habitat quality services continued to rise. (2) From the spatial pattern perspective, the spatial pattern of the water resource supply service obviously changed, while the other ecosystem services were relatively stable. The area of class Ⅳ hotspots of ecosystem services increased from 7.78 km² to 12.75 km². (3) The relationship between ecosystem services was mainly synergy, and the synergistic relationship was mainly among soil conservation, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, and habitat quality. The trade-off relationship existed between the water resource supply service and the other three services. (4) The changes in land use type, the changes in conditions related to specific ecosystem services, the implementation of relevant policies and special plans, and the interference of human activities are the main factors affecting the spatial pattern and trade-off/synergistic relationship of ecosystem services in Qianjiangyuan National Park. The spatial and temporal evolution pattern of ecosystem services and the trade-off synergistic relationship of Qianjiangyuan National Park changed significantly over the past 30 years, and the dominant influencing factor is the land cover change. The current spatial pattern of the ecosystem services in the park was higher in the west and lower in the east in 2020. Thus, in the future, efforts should be focused on optimizing the functional zoning of the park, gradually exploring and improving the national park management system, and balancing the relationship between ecological resource protection and human socio-economic development.

Blue-green landscape is an important part of ecosystem, which is of great significance to the protection of biodiversity and ecological security.This study selected Nanchang, a typical water network city in the south of China, as the study area. A combination of landscape ecology models and spatial analysis methods was adopted to quantitatively assess the evolution of blue-green landscape patterns and habitat quality. The spatio-temporal response relationship between urban habitat quality and blue-green landscape change was explored.Results show that: (1) The frequency and breadth of conversion between blue-green landscape and cultivated and construction lands increased significantly from 2005 to 2020. The aggregation degree of blue-green landscape in the ecological barrier area was at a high level, and the blue-green landscape in the central urban area continued to shrink and become fragmented. (2) Habitat quality in Nanchang declined from 2005 to 2020, and could be characterized by regional differentiation of “Peripheral high, middle low”. For the study period, the high-grade habitat areas were mainly distributed in the urban ecological barrier areas; The low-grade habitat areas in the central urban area demonstrated the characteristics of river-crossing expansion, southward expansion and internal filling. (3) The effects of landscape pattern of blue-green landscape on habitat quality were spatially heterogeneous and directional. Aggregation Index (AI) was positively correlated with habitat quality in general, but the positive effects of Edge Density (ED), Interspersion and Juxtaposition Index (IJI) and Patch Density (PD) on habitat quality were mainly concentrated in cultivated and construction lands. It is concluded that regulation of the blue-green landscape pattern is one of the effective ways to promote habitat quality. Under the background of rapid urbanization, the reasonable lay out of the blue-green landscape in central urban area should be put into practice in water network cities, aiming to strengthen the protection of the integrity of the blue-green landscape in the ecological barrier area, and construct the ecological pattern of the blue-green landscape. The results provide scientific reference for the ecological security of water network cities and the realization of the pattern of “water-land symbiosis, and resilient development”.

The natural variation of hydrological regime plays an important role in maintaining the function of river ecosystems.However, previous studies lack a comprehensive assessment of the hydrological regime changes in the Min River Basin. This study focused on a comprehensive analysis of the evolution, driving factors, and ecological response of hydrological regime in the Min River Basin,using indicators of ecological significance.Mann-Kendall and Pettitt’s tests were used to detect the year of abrupt hydrological changes in the Min River basin.Two general ecological indicators (ecological surplus and ecological deficit) and the hydrological change index (IHA) were used to identify the characteristics of ecohydrological variation before and after the abrupt changing point. The degree of hydrological variation (D0) and hydrological regime change (DHRAM) were used to assess the degree of changes.The driving factors of ecohydrological change were quantified by a combination of Budyko hydrothermal coupling equilibrium theory.The biodiversity index (SI) was used to analyze the ecological response to the changesinhydrological regime.The results showed that: (1) An abrupt change of the hydrological regime was detected in 1993.(2)The overall degree of hydrological change was up to 44%, indicating a moderate change.(3)Change of hydrological regime leaded to a decrease in ecological surplus and an increase in ecological deficit.(4)The influence of human activities on the annual average runoff change was 54.20%, while the influence of rainfall was 43.88%, and the influence of evaporation was 1.92%. Climate change and human activities jointly reduced the runoff of the Min River by 83.83 mm, and the human activities were dominant.(5)The influence of human activities accelerated the decline of biodiversity index. This study provideda reference for strengthening the protection and restoration of the ecological environment in theMinRiver, and promoted the rational and efficient utilization of water resources in the area.

Rice-fish co-culture is an important ecological agriculture development mode in China's rice farming region.A systematic and comprehensive carbon footprint evaluation of this mode is helpful for the low-carbon and green development of the rice-fish co-culture. Previous studies showed that rice-loach co-culture and rice-catfish co-culture could significantly improve the rice quality and increase farmers' income. However, no research on the carbon footprint of these two modes has been reported. Based on field experimental data, the study used life cycle assessment to evaluate carbon footprints per hectare (CFA), per output value (CFV), per profit (CFP), and per NDU (CFNDU) of the rice monoculture, rice-loach co-culture, and rice-catfish co-culture. A sensitivity analysis was performed to identify parameters that had greater impacts on the carbon footprint assessment results of the rice-fish co-culture. At last, a scenario analysis aiming to explore potential mitigation was carried out.Results showed that CFA, CFV,CFP and CFNDU of the rice-loach co-culture was 11 923 kg CO₂ -eq·hm^-2,0.10 kg CO₂ -eq·￥^-1,0.14 kg CO₂ -eq·￥^-1,and 1.37 kg CO₂ -eq·NDU^-1 respectively, which was reduced by 17.5%,82.1%, 79.1%, and 77.7% compared with those of rice monoculture. The CFA, CFV,CFP and CFNDU of rice-catfish co-culture was 12 110 kg CO₂ -eq·hm^-2,0.16 kg CO₂ -eq·￥^-1,0.22 kg CO₂ -eq·￥^-1,and 2.48 kg CO₂ -eq·NDU^-1 respectively, which was reduced by 16.2%,71.4%,67.2%, and 59.7% compared with those of rice monoculture. In general, rice-loach co-culture delivered the highest nutrient outputs and created the highest economic benefit with the lowest carbon emission, which is most worthy of promotion. Scenario analysis showed that, integrated adopting of photovoltaic power generation, new rice varieties, and improvement of feed utilization efficiency could reduce the carbon footprint by 23.4%-24.4% of the two rice-fish co-culture modes.This study provided theoretical basis for the conversion from traditional to ecological rice cultivation in China, from the perspective of carbon emission.

The purpose of the investigation of the effects of straw returning combined with chemical fertilizers on farmland soil carbon sequestration capacity and economic benefits is to improve the utilization efficiency and comprehensive benefits of straw. This study was conducted in a 7-year in-situ test field. Four treatments were used to analyze the effects of different soil layers (0-80 cm) on soil carbon storage, carbon sequestration rate and crop economic benefits under the oil-rice rotation mode in the Chaohu area. These treatments included no straw returning and no fertilization (CK), conventional Fertilization (F), Straw returning + conventional Fertilization (SF), Straw returning + 80% conventional Fertilization (SDF). We found that: (1) Straw returning combined with chemical fertilization could increase soil organic carbon storage and carbon sequestration rate in the 0-50cm soil layer. Compared with conventional fertilization (F), full straw returning + conventional fertilization (SF) and full straw returning + 80% conventional fertilization (SDF) could increase the carbon storage of rapeseed season and rice season by 1.20%~23.04% and 3.86% to 19.56%, respectively. The increase of carbon sequestration rate in rapeseed season and rice season was -0.18 times to 2.70 times and 0.26 times to 1.32 times; (2) Compared with conventional fertilization (F), the yield rate of rapeseed season treated with SF increased by 8.29%, and that of rice season increased by 11.04%, while the yield of rape treated with SDF increased by 0.94%, and the yield of rice increased by 8.34%; (3) The total output value and net income of SF treatment in both rapeseed and rice seasons were the largest. Compared with F treatment, the total output value and net income of SF increased by 8.31% and 3.34%, respectively, in the rapeseed season, and the total output value and net income of the rice season increased by 11.06% and 23.57%. In summary, the combination of straw returning and chemical fertilization has great significance for the enhancement of soil carbon sequestration capacity, soil fertility and economic benefits of rapeseed-rice rotation.