贵州红枫湖大冲小流域农业面源污染负荷特征研究

长江流域资源与环境 >> 2012, Vol. 21 >> Issue (03): 349-.

贵州红枫湖大冲小流域农业面源污染负荷特征研究

阴晓路|许昌敏|张梦娇|甘华军|蔡先立|王震洪

(1.贵州大学林学院|贵州贵阳 550025；2.贵州大学生命科学学院|贵州贵阳 550025)

出版日期:2012-03-20

CHARACTERISTICS OF NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTANTS IN DACHONG SMALL WATERSHED IN THE UPPER REACH OF HONGFENG LAKE OF GUIZHOU PROVINCE

YIN Xiaolu1, XU Changmin2, ZHANG Mengjiao2, GAN Huajun1, CAI Xianli1, WANG Zhenhong2

(1.College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;2.College of Life Sciences,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China

Online:2012-03-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示红枫湖汇水区农业面源污染物氮、磷、有机物输出的一般规律，以典型农业小流域为研究对象，自2010年1~12月，对流域降雨、流域出口的径流、TN、TP、CODcr浓度进行同步监测，并对流域内各个不同土地利用类型的产污负荷进行监测分析。结果表明，流域除TP外，其他指标严重超标；监测期间小流域径流量为414×105 m3，TN、TP、CODcr入湖总量分别为2 5467、856、10 8832 kg，其日均单位排放负荷分别为577、019 、1451 kg/(km2·d)；在降雨丰富、农业生产活动频繁的6~10月，TN、TP、CODcr的含量都明显高于其他月份，分别占各自总量的94.8%、73.3%、94.3%；坡耕地、天然林、疏林地产生的TN、TP、CODcr污染负荷量分别为流域入湖污染总负荷的13.38%、13.29%、13.54%，稻田、蔬菜地径流中TN、TP、CODcr含量分别为0.84~10.32、0.07~0.18、20.50~68.00；2.16~7.54、0.01~0.04、4.50~22.40 mg/L。居民生活污水中TN、TP、CODcr含量分别为13.84~50.11、3.20~5.10、35.7~207.0 mg/L，蔬菜、水稻种植、居民生活污水及禽畜养殖对流域面源污染贡献大；大冲小流域面源污染负荷与径流间存在极强的相关性

Abstract:

Hongfeng Lake is one of the great lakes in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces，and the water pollution caused by agriculture production is a serious problem in environment conservation of Guiyang city.Monitoring studies about rainfall,runoff,TN,TP and CODcr were continuously conducted in a typical agricultural watershed,Dachong in the upper reach of Hongfeng Lake,to reveal the characteristics of nonpoint source pollutants during 2010.The concentration of these nonpoint source pollutants and output amount to water system of the watershed was also tested.The results showed that concentration of TN and CODcr in runoff water were much higher than national standard.Total of runoff,TN,TP,and CODcr in 2010 were 414×105 m3,2 546.7 kg,856 kg,and 10 883.2 kg，and outputs of TN,TP and CODcr from the Dachong watershed to lake were 577,019 and 1451 kg/(km2·d).Concentrations of TN,TP and CODcr in surface runoff from Jun.to Sep.were much higher than those in other months,and their quantity flowing to Hongfeng Lake during the five months in the summer took about 948%,733% and 943% of their total.The pollutants TN,TP,CODcr generated from cultivation land on slope,forests and young stand took 1338,1329 and 1354% of total in the watershed.Concentration of TN,TP,CODcr in surface runoff in rice land and vegetable land respectively ranged from 084~1032,007~018,2050~6800 mg/L and 216~754,001~004,450~2240 mg/L.TN,TP and CODcr in living sewage even got up to 1384~5011,320~510 and 357~2070 mg/L,and those in the sewage from the area livestock lived got up to 4510~7262,450~1850 and 2200~8500 mg/L.The pollution load in surface runoff at the outlet of the watershed was significantly correlated with runoff volume of watershed

阴晓路|许昌敏|张梦娇|甘华军|蔡先立|王震洪. 贵州红枫湖大冲小流域农业面源污染负荷特征研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2012, 21(03): 349-.

YIN Xiaolu1, XU Changmin2, ZHANG Mengjiao2, GAN Huajun1, CAI Xianli1,. CHARACTERISTICS OF NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTANTS IN DACHONG SMALL WATERSHED IN THE UPPER REACH OF HONGFENG LAKE OF GUIZHOU PROVINCE[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2012, 21(03): 349-.

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