长江流域资源与环境 >> 2012, Vol. 21 >> Issue (07): 864-.

• 生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

环鄱阳湖区农业面源污染TN/TP时空变化与分布特征

傅春 |康晚英   

  1. (1.南昌大学中国中部经济社会发展研究中心|江西 南昌 330047;2. 江西省水利规划设计院 |江西 南昌 330029)
  • 出版日期:2012-07-20

RESEARCH ON SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TN &TP OF AGRICULTURAL NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION IN THE SURROUNDING AREA OF THE POYANG LAKE

FU Chun1, KANG Wanying2    

  1. (1. Research Center for Central China Social and Economic Development of Nanchang University, |Nanchang 330047,China;2. Water Resources Planning and Design Institute of Jiangxi Province|Nanchang 330029|China)
  • Online:2012-07-20

摘要:

以鄱阳湖区周边12县市为研究区域,以氮、磷2种污染物为研究对象,以土地利用、畜禽以及农业人口为三大主要营养源,运用输出系数模型对环鄱阳湖区1997~2007年的面源污染现状负荷进行估算,结果表明TP/TN都呈现平稳上升的趋势,且面源污染高负荷区主要集中在南昌县、新建县和南昌市辖地区;预测2011~2020年TN/TP的变化,结果表明研究区域总磷总氮均有明显增长趋势,环鄱阳湖区年平均TN/TP相对现状年平均增长率为1746%和1602%。面源污染负荷的三大营养源贡献中畜禽输出负荷的贡献率随时间的推移有明显增加的趋势,农业人口和土地利用的贡献率有下降的趋势,揭示了环鄱阳湖地区禽畜污染将是农业面源污染的主要污染源。并借助GIS工具分析了TN/TP在环湖各地区的分布特征,指出了面源污染控制的重点工作区域

Abstract:

Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China,and the nonpoint source pollution from agriculture is one major cause of water pollution with local intensive industrial and agriculture developing.The systematic analysis of the distribution featur of nitrogen and phosphorus and the source pollution contribution rate will provide necessary basis for the rational allocation of agricultural resource in Poyang Lake.
Pollution loads mainly nitrogen,phosphorus pollutants from agricultural nonpoint pollution sources in 12 counties around the Poyang Lake has been analyzed by Export Coefficient Approach, based on the data from 1997~2007.Meanwhile,Markov model and Gray predication model is used to predict the change of land use and livestock population, and the source pollution during 2011 to 2020.The land use, livestock and poultry,and agricultural population in the research area were considered as major nutrition sources to the loads.The results show that TN/TP take on a steady upward trend,the highly loaded area of nonpoint pollution mainly concentrated in the Nanchang County,Xinjian County  and Nanchang city.In the forecast year,TN/TP have a obvious increasing trend from 2011 to 2020,and the average growth rate of TN/TP will reach 1746% and 1602%.
The pollution load of nitrogen and phosphorus from livestock breeding had got significant increasing trend among three nutrient sources,the contribution rate of land use and agricultural population had a downward trend which reveals livestock pollution will be the main nonpoint source pollution around the Poyang Lake.It is forecasted that the contribution rate of every nutrient source in the Poyang Lake has the same variation tendency in 2011~2020 compared with 1997~2007:the contribution rate of the output load of the beasts and birds has significant increasing trend as time goes on,because the scale of the poultry farming is growing gradually;the contribution rate of the output load of the agricultural population has a downward trend,mainly because the agricultural population gradually reduces with the development of urbanization. The total land area within Poyang Lake is unchanging,but the urban land increases and arable land shrinks,which makes the contribution rate of the TN / TP load of the land output has a decreasing tendency over time.With the help of GIS,the spatial characteristics of TN &TP in the surrounding areas has been represented.Among counties and cities of Poyang Lake,point source pollution load intensity in four counties of Nanchang is higher than that of the whole research area,the main pollution in Nanchang is livestock output,contribution rate has come to 50%.Some key control region of nonpoint source pollution in the research area has been explained and pointed out

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