长江流域资源与环境 >> 2013, Vol. 22 >> Issue (04): 426-.

• 自然资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

流域过境水对流域水循环的影响——以太湖流域地表水平衡为例

杨海乐| 黄心一| 杨爱辉| 陈家宽   

  1. (1.复旦大学生物多样性科学研究所|上海 200433;2.世界自然基金会(瑞士)北京代表处上海项目办公室|上海 200083; 3.南昌大学生命科学研究院流域生态学研究所|江西 南昌 330031
  • 出版日期:2013-04-20

IMPACTS OF BASINSCALE PASSINGBY WATER ON 
DRAINAGE BASIN HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE—&mdash|AN ANALYSIS ON SURFACE WATER BALANCE OF THE TAIHU LAKE BASIN

YANG Haile1, HUANG Xinyi1, YANG Aihui2, CHEN Jiakuan1|3   

  1. (1.Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China|2.World Wide Fund for Nature Beijing 
    Office Shanghai Programme Office, Shanghai 200083, China|3. Center for Watershed 
    Ecology, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China)
  • Online:2013-04-20

摘要:

流域水循环是流域生态系统的核心,其中流域过境水是流域水循环的一个重要要素。通过对大量有关太湖流域水文资料的流域水平衡分析,初步探讨太湖流域过境水对流域水循环的影响。结果显示太湖流域是长江流域中受过境水强烈影响的一个子流域。在太湖流域,流域过境水的引入扩大了流域水循环总的通量,影响了流域水循环的路径,改变了流域水循环水的配置格局。同时水循环作为流域内物质运输的介质,流域过境水的引入对太湖流域内物质的运输有不可忽视的影响,其中最重要的就是影响了污染物的运输,增加了污染物在太湖当中的沉积与滞留

Abstract:

Drainage basin hydrological cycle is the core of watershed ecosystem processa, and basinscale passingby water is one of the most important factors. It includes two parts: natural and artificial. The Taihu Lake Basin is widely recognized as an area which is most severely affected by human activities in China. The evergrowing water demand  for modern industry and domestic life nearly dries up all the local natural runoff. Meanwhile, industrial, agricultural and domestic wastewater discharges cause severe deterioration in water quality. And the drainage basin hydrological cycle has been effectively modified by hydro projects, including the introduction of basinscale passingby water. Then the basinscale passingby water has been reducing crisis of water resources more or less.
In this paper, using the modified dualistic water cycle pattern, based on the data about the Taihu Lake Basin waterbalance, we analyzed the impacts of basinscale passingby water on drainage basin hydrological cycle. The results showed that Taihu Lake Basin was one of the basins where basinscale passingby water had the most important impacts on drainage basin hydrological cycle among all subbasins in the Yangtze River Basin.
In the Taihu Lake Basin, the introduction of basinscale passingby water that mainly came from the Yangtze River,expanded the flux of drainage basin hydrological cycle for 67%, changed the pathway of “precipitation → runoff (groundwater) → artificial water (pumping) → drainage (or evaporation) → discharge into the sea (or into the atmosphere)” by “artificial water”, decreased the cycles of “artificial water (pumping) → drainage (or evaporation) → artificial water (pumping) → drainage (or evaporation) →…” or water recycle form more than 3 times to 15 times, and modified the pattern of water resources configuration. 
Because of the characters of plain river network, the basinscale passingby water had their influence extended to every hydraulic regions. There was 560×108 m3 coming form the Yangtze River directly in Huxi Hydraulic Region, which most effectively impacted hydrological cycle of all the hydraulic regions in the Taihu Lake Basin because Huxi Hydraulic Region was located at the upstream of the Taihu Lake Basin. In Huxi Hydraulic Region, WuChengXiYu Hydraulic Region, YangChengDianMao Hydraulic Region, Zhexi Hydraulic Region, HangJiaHu Hydraulic Region, Pudong and Puxi Hydraulic Region and Taihu Hydraulic Region, the basinscale passingby water respectively occupied the flux of hydrological cycle for 62%, 48%, 36%, 13%, 13%, 37%, 27%.
At the same time, because that hydrological cycle was the supporter of solute translocation, basinscale passingby water also had important impacts on the translocation of solute in Taihu Lake Basin. The most important part was the impacts on the translocation of pollutant. In the Taihu Lake, the basinscale passingby water increased the pollutant flux accompanying the increase of the water flux. But the more serious problem was that the pollutant volume of importlake was 205~330 times more than that of exportlake taken by basinscale passingby water. It meanes that there was more and more pollutant deposited and detained in the Taihu Lake. Even the water which imported by the project of water diversion from the Yangtze River to the Taihu through the WangYu river directly  had the perfect water quality, sometimes leaved the pollutant in the Taihu Lake. It is concluded  that the basinscale passingby water not only has important impacts on drainage basin hydrological cycle, but also on pollutant translocation. This paper shows the importance of basinscale passingby water in watershed ecosystem process and the impacts on drainage basin hydrological cycle and on pollutant translocation, pave the way for a better understanding on drainage basin hydrological cycle

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