Abstract: To gain a comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns of agricultural non-point source pollution in Jiangxi Province, we conducted an analysis at the county scale of the Province. Factors such as regional topography and climate variations were systematically considered for the refinement of the traditional output coefficient model. This involved the incorporation of influential driving factors, including rainfall, soil characteristics, and surface runoff. The calculation of the comprehensive river input coefficients for nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in each region allowed for the transformation of the original regional pollution load production into quantifiable pollutant input into rivers. Our investigation extended to the analysis of pollution levels associated with various aspects, such as farmland cultivation, livestock and poultry farming, aquaculture, and rural living, spanning the years 2010 to 2020.The findings revealed that, in 2020, the average comprehensive river input coefficients for TN and TP in agricultural non-point source pollution in Jiangxi Province were 0.473 and 0.567, respectively. These values exhibited a general distribution pattern characterized by higher concentrations in the northern regions and lower concentrations in the southern areas. The comprehensive river input loads of nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source pollution were determined to be 95 000 tons and 14 100 tons, respectively. These values demonstrated an overall trend of an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease, with elevated concentrations observed in central areas and lower concentrations in the surrounding regions. Regions with heightened emission intensity were predominantly concentrated in the central part of the Province. While the overall pollution load emissions from livestock and poultry farming, as well as farmland cultivation, exhibited a consistent annual decline, they persisted as primary sources of agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, accounting for over 80% of the total pollution load. Livestock farming and mixed farming emerged as the predominant types of pollution load in agricultural non-point source pollution. This study provided a valuable reference for decision-makers in Jiangxi Province for future initiatives related to agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and water pollution control at watershed scales.