Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of service of farmland fragmentation and agricultural machinery socialization on “Non-grain” utilization. This paper constructed a theoretical analysis framework and applies the ordered Probit and Tobit models based on the survey data in 7 provinces of China. The results showed that: (1)Farmland fragmentation had a significant positive effect on the “non-grain” planting behavior and scale; (2) Agricultural machinery socialization service inhibited the “Non-grain” planting, and negatively regulated the promoting effect of farmland fragmentation on “Non-grain” utilization; (3) The factors that affected “Non-grain” utilization included labor average age, proportion of non-agricultural employment, participation in agricultural training, access to agricultural information through the Internet, grain subsidy, the scale of farmland management, village-to-county distance, and the distribution of grain-producing areas.Agricultural machinery socialization service could significantly offset these effects. Government and society should develop the agricultural socialization service, alleviate the fragmentation of farmland by means of land consolidation and proper management-right transfer. There was also a need to improve the protection of farmland and grain-growing subsidies to enhance the enthusiasm of farmers for growing grain, and to ensure the food security.