Abstract: The study of carbon emission effects of wetland changes plays an important role in achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality strategic goals. Taking Jiangsu Province as the research area, wetland information from the past 30 years was extracted. A carbon emission effect model for wetland changes in Jiangsu Province was constructed. The spatiotemporal pattern evolution characteristics of carbon emission effects in Jiangsu Province were analyzed. The results indicated: (1) Utilization of Landsat images provided by the GEE platform and the application of random forest algorithm enabled a rapid and accurate extraction of wetland information in Jiangsu Province. From 1990 to 2020, the total area of wetlands decreased from 1,919,310.03hm2 to 1,659,403.89hm2, a decrease of 13.54%; (2) Wetlands in Jiangsu Province exhibited a carbon sink status, with the average annual carbon sink decreasing from 970,622.32t in 1990 to 782,965.05t in 2020. The spatial distribution of carbon sinks showed a stable "southeast-northwest" pattern; (3) Over the past 30 years, the carbon emission effects of wetland change in Jiangsu Province amounted to 6,525,507.60t, with significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity characteristics. The carbon sources caused by wetland changes amounted to 7,117,328.91t, which were mainly resulted from the conversion of various types of wetlands to construction land. The carbon sinks caused by wetland changes amounted to 591,821.31t, mainly resulting from the conversion of construction land to various types of wetlands and the conversion of various types of wetlands to cropland. The research results provided data and theoretical support for the formulation of wetland protection policies and the achievement of dual carbon goals in Jiangsu Province.