长江流域资源与环境 >> 2011, Vol. 20 >> Issue (4): 445-.

• 生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

城镇化地区水文过程实验观测与模拟——以太湖西苕溪流域安吉实验小区为例

徐金涛| 许有鹏| 叶正伟   

  1. (南京大学地理与海洋科学学院| 江苏 南京 210093)
  • 出版日期:2011-04-20

OBSERVATION AND SIMULATION OF HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES IN URBAN DISTRICTS——A CASE STUDY OF ANJI EXPERIMENTAL DISTRICT IN THE XITIAOXI WATERSHED OF TAIHU BASIN

XU Jintao, XU Youpeng, YE Zhengwei   

  1. (School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China)
  • Online:2011-04-20

摘要:

城镇化的发展使不透水面积不断增加,往往导致地区的水文过程发生较为明显的改变。以太湖上游西苕溪流域内的安吉城镇化实验小区为例,在对研究流域50多a长系列水文气象资料和区域城镇化特征作较详细分析的基础上,结合2005~2008年短时间尺度降雨径流观测实验,通过雨量、水位以及下垫面等数据分析,选用Storm Water Management Model这一暴雨洪水管理模型对该地区的典型洪水过程进行了模拟,对其降雨径流规律进行了分析。结果表明:该模型对该区域的模拟效果较好,误差较小,可以用于该城镇化地区的降雨径流过程模拟和洪水规律定量分析;分析该实验小区降雨径流过程可知,城镇化使该地区洪水上涨过程明显加快,6场典型洪水的峰型系数均值为305,洪峰流量增大而滞时缩短,较快的汇流速度使该地区的防洪压力较大。实验观测方法及模拟分析成果将有助于对太湖地区小流域城镇洪水过程特征与规律的认识,对我国东部城镇地区的防洪、规划与管理也具有重要的借鉴意义

Abstract:

The imperviable areas have increased as a result of the development 〖JP2〗of urbanization,which usually〖JP〗 causes the significant changes in regional hydrologic〖JP2〗al processes.The longterm hydrological and meteorological〖JP〗 series are typical in the Xitiaoxi watershed of Taihu basin.Anji experimental district,located in the Xitiaoxi watershed,has been set up to investigate the characteristics and laws of rainfallrunoff processes of small urban districts in the eastern part of China.The flows of control sections were observed and calculated in the flood seasons since 2005.Based on the analysis of rainfall, water stage and other underlying data,Storm Water Management Model was applied to simulate several selected typical rainfallrunoff events in the district,and the laws of stormrunoff processes were analyzed.The results indicate that Storm Water Management Model was highly effective and the errors were small,so it could be used to simulate the rainfallrunoff processes and analyze the laws of stormrunoff processes in this area.The results included the decreased lag times,the increased storm flow volumes and the increased peak flows.The peak shape coefficients increased with an average value of 305,which had greatly increased the pressure on flood prevention work.The result should be helpful to study the effects of watershed urbanization on rainfallrunoff processes,city flood prevention,city planning,city management,and so on

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