Abstract: The rural settlement was an important manifestation of the urban-rural dual structure in China. At the same time, it was a leading factor of rural human-land conflict,and a basic unit of rural social. The data, including new settlements and reclamation settlements in Shizhu district Linxi town of Chongqing from 2010 to 2014, were taken as main source. Applying deviation degree and spatial variation coefficient, the difference which each environment factor influence on new settlements reclamation settlements were analyzed. And maximum method was applied to select most suitable area for new settlements and key area for reclamation settlements. Results indicated that, the differences which each environment factor influence on spatial distribution of new settlements and reclamation settlements were obvious. The two environment factors, road and town, were the main influence factors on area proportion of new settlements and reclamation settlements. The maximum values of deviation degree which road and cultivated land influence on reclamation settlements were 0.69 and -0.503. Road and cultivated land were main environment factors influence on reclamation settlements. The maximum values of deviation degree which road and slope influence on new settlements were -0.742 and -0.106. Slope and road were the most key environment factors influence on new settlements. The total deviation degree absolute value of reclamation settlements was 1.53, which bigger than the value of new settlements. The influence of reclamation settlements was more obvious on distribution of total settlements than that in new settlements. Different environment classification factor had various influence on new settlements and reclamation settlements. The trend of new settlement near the town, road, river and distribution on the area with 6°-15° slope, was obvious. And the trend of reclamation settlements far away from road and town, distribution on the area with steep slope, was obvious too. The locations of most new settlements were trend to the area near town for convenience living. The more of reclamation settlements distributed with the far away road for inconvenient traffic. The locations of most new settlements had the trend near road also for convenient traffic. So, more reclamation settlements accompanied by the far distance away from road. The influences of river on new settlements and reclamation settlements were not obvious. The area, massive cultivate land nearby, was not selected to build new settlement usually for protecting cultivate land. And surrounding of the reclamation settlements, there were massive cultivate land distribution, for reclamation settlements helps to protect cultivate land. Accompanying with the elevation rising, the quantity of new settlements and reclamation settlement became less. There were more new settlements and reclamation settlement distributing in the area with gentle slope. Appling the maximum value method, it found that the areas which were the combination of distance from the road within 100 meters and had the slope between six to fifteen slopes can be priority new settlements layout. However, the areas with combination of the distance were more than 400 meters and there were few arable lands within 10 meters around can be chosen as reclamation settlements layout. The study has theoretical and practical value for selecting rural settlement location and choosing reclamation settlements in typical hilly areas. And there need more researches on applying study results to select new settlements location and key reclamation area. At the same time, how to use the results to optimize the settlement distribution need further study.

Key words: environmental factors, new settlements, reclamation settlements, southwest hilly typical area, influence difference analysis