Eco-environment first and "green development" are the latest national formulating strategies for the construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the development of Yangtze River basin. In this paper, we analyzed the location advantages of Yangtze River Basin and its function in Chinese society at first. Then the status and problems of the eco-environment were discussed from following aspects: the general characteristics of water resources and water environment in the Yangtze River, the eco-environment features and problems in different regions, natural disasters and the influences of water conservancy projects. Based on the above discussions, we proposed some fields need to be focused on in the next works for protecting and maintaining the eco-environment of Yangtze River Basin.

Capital flow and logistics could be as a carrier of the harbor to indirect hinterland economy effect, in this paper, based on its path for a detailed analysis. This paper tentatively built the panel data model to analysis port hub role of capital, Logistics park the feeder port and anhydrous port had influence on indirect hinterland economy, further combined with influence algorithm of port hub role, and the empirical research revealed that the capital path of the Shanghai port to indirect economic hinterland of gross output elasticity was 0.058 6. Through the logistics system dynamics analysis of the path of SD flow chart described, combined with the mathematical equations set each element of the Eviews software, choosing Shanghai port for the simulation analysis, and using historical data to test the model, the error is within an acceptable range. Further by short-term forecasting system, combined with the result of prediction found the goods transport on indirect hinterland economy effect of elasticity was about 0.7. Finally, respectively, by the Shanghai mainly increased the throughput of system simulation, it found containers and oil, natural gas and products of logistics transportation had the greatest influence on indirect hinterland economy.

With the rapid development of container shipping in our country, the discussions on spatial pattern organization of container shipping network gradually became a new focus in the literature. Based on complex network theory, this research abstracted the Chinese container shipping network as a set of edges (linkages) connecting a set of nodes (cities) across 51 cities and 197 shipping routes. This paper assessed the spatial structure and topological structure of coastal container shipping network, and Yangtze River network respectively by the network evaluation index and centrality index. The results indicated that Chinese container shipping network was evolving to "Small-world" network and became increasingly complicated. Compared with coastal container shipping network, the Yangtze River network presented more advantages on transfer function rather than direct accessibility and relative accessibility through betweenness, degree centrality and closeness evaluation because of the limitation of channel and natural conditions. Guangzhouwas the port city linked to the most cities of China, with Shanghai occupying the second place. However, the latter city was the most accessible port city in China. Besides, the container capacity was correlated with three centrality indices, with betweenness the highest relevance and closeness the lowest. Qingdao, Tianjin and parts of ports with high capacity but low centrality showed that they mainly served their hinterlands. Meanwhile, those with high centrality but low capacity covered a wide range of network, while they generally had less volume on linkages.

This research was conducted to analyze the evolution of the spatial and temporal pattern in Middle Yangtze River urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2014, using the amount of patent applications as Geographic Concentration Index and Markov chains method from the perspective of time, space and geographical proximity. The study finds out (1) Differences of city innovation in urban agglomeration indicate the tendency that innovation occurrence shifts from highly concentrated to the gradual dispersion, from the core cities to the peripheral city. They also indicate the tendency that there exists high- and low-level convergence reinforcement lock, accompanied with local variation in middle level cities city club convergence; (2) the shift of city innovation patterns in urban agglomeration is correlated with the development levels of city innovation. The narrower the gap between the development levels of city innovation is, the greater probability of shift is, and vice versa; (3) the neighbor Innovative environment has an influence on the temporal and spatial evolution of city innovation differences in urban agglomeration. The geographical proximity effect is not obvious at low and middle level of city innovation type, while it increases significantly at middle and high level.

The Chinese government put forward the development strategy of the Yangtze River Economic Zone in September 2014. The proportion of GDP of the Yangtze River Economic Zone in China is 45.62%, and many scholars expected the proportion would up to 50% in 2020. The relationship between R&D input and economic growth has been the hot study in the economics, economic geography and so on, and research has found that R&D input was an important effect on regional economic growth and the impact of R&D input on economic growth was positive correlation, but some deficiencies were still existed. Based on the C-D model, we built the relationship model between R&D input and economic growth through the panel data of R&D input and economic growth of 110 cities during 1990-2013 in Yangtze River Economic Zone. With the help of Eviews7.2, we finessed the unit root test, co-integration test and built the panel data model, which can be used to analysis the impact of R&D input on regional economic growth. The results showed that: (1) The relationship between R&D input and regional economic growth was long-term and stable, and there was a certain hysteresis effect between R&D short-term input and regional economic growth, the elasticity of R&D input in the short-term was higher than the long-term.; (2) The relationship between R&D input and regional economic growth was positive correlation significantly, but the elasticity coefficient of R&D personnel input (the average of Yangtze River Economic Zone was 2.351) was higher than R&D expenditure input (the average of Yangtze river economic belt is 1.013), which showed that regional economic growth dependences much more on R&D personnel. In the other words, talent (person with ability) was more important than money to regional economic growth; (3) The spatial differences of R&D input in the Yangtze River Economic Zone was significant, and R&D input in the area of the lower of Yangtze River was the highest, but the impact of R&D input on regional economic growth in the area of the lower Yangtze River was the lowest. Why was the impact of R&D input on regional economic growth different among the regions? The growth of regions would result from the balance between their stocks of both local and global (i.e. non-local) network capital, but the R&D input of this article was local, and the regions in the area of the lower of Yangtze River were export-oriented economy, so the impact of R&D input on regional economic growth in the area of the lower of Yangtze River was less significant than the middle and the upper of Yangtze River. At last, in order to promote regional economic growth, this article put forward the proposal of increasing the intensity of R&D input, making the medium and long-term planning for R&D input, and improving the achievements conversion rate of scientific and technological. In the future, we can incorporate the network capital of innovation network of local and global into the regional economic growth model, which can help us to better research the relationship between regional economic growth and innovation.

With a high-speed economic growth, point pollution management was gradually improved, but agriculture pollution was getting more and more serious in China, especially in eastern coastal areas, which has been identified as one of the dominant contributors to contamination of environment. However, there are few other prior studies testing the environment-economy coupling issues in the case of agriculture pollutants, although there are abundant studies of industrial pollution and urban ecology. This research constructed agriculture related coupling model of environment-economy system, and then established the evaluation index between agricultural pollution and economy from the point of the overall level and intensity, taking eastern coastal area of China as the study area. Finally, geographical differentiation conditions and regionalization of agricultural environment-economy coordinated development were investigated with model of factor analysis. This study indicated an unbalanced environment-economy coupling development characteristic in eastern coastal region of China. The areas with serious agricultural pollution and poor environment-economy coordination level were mainly concentrated in the northern and southern areas of Hebei, northwest and southern areas of Shandong, northern areas of Jiangsu, southern areas of Fujian, western areas of Guangdong, especially Huang-Huai-Hai region. Agriculture related environmental economic policies should be differed over characteristics and differences of time and region, as the improvement of coordination was a progressive process within environment-economy complex giant system. China was confronted with challenges to address peculiar agricultural pollution with growth and transition. Although further theoretical and empirical investigationwas clearly needed before any unquestionable conclusion drawn, for the coupling issues on agro-environment, deriving the feasible quantitative estimates of the likely environment-economy effectwas helpful to advance decision debate.

In order to know the status of cultivated land fertility in Wuhu City and scientific basis for agricultural structure adjustment for the municipal decision-makers,farmland productivity evaluation system and its model of Wuhu city were established. By the support of GIS,provincial land resources management information system and using method of Delphi method, AHP and Fuzzy evaluation method, etc., cultivated land fertility potential in Wuhu City was divided into five grades, according to the catastrophe point of the Integrated Fertility Index curve slope and expert's experience.14.76% of the total cultivated area was the first grade, and the second to fifth grade was 27.96%, 35.62%,13.98% and 7.68%, resectively. By deeply analysing of the evaluation factor to each grade, countermeasures would be given the corresponding use.

The parameter of field capacity is an important index to reflect soil water-retaining ability, as well as being crucial for farmland irrigation, water management and hydrological models. However, since the direct measurement for field capacity is tedious and time-resuming, it is necessary to require a fast and accurate approach to derive it. Hence, fifty undisturbed 1-m depth soil profile samples were collected from paddy fields and dry lands in a subtropical basin in Hunan province. And based on soil basic properties, the estimation of field capacity was derived by multiple stepwise linear regression, the results showed that: (1) field capacity was mainly influenced by soil bulk density and soil organic carbon for paddy soil, but mainly by textures for dry lands; (2) the models for field capacity in paddy field performed the best, with adjusted coefficient of determination of 0.79, and relative bad for dry lands. The conclusion indicated that the assessment of field capacity was greatly affected by land uses, and it was convenient to obtain field capacity with pedotransfer function.

For revealing the relationship between terrain factors and evolution of spatial pattern of land use, using the aspect of slope, relief amplitude, slope change rate, and the topographic index, and combining with the geological information theory of TUPU from the comprehensive perspective, based on the remote sensing data of TM images in 2000, 2005 and 2010, as well as DEM data of Anhui province, the research analyzed the changing characteristics and regularity about land use pattern on terrain gradient. The results showed that:1)the main land use types of the study area was cultivated land and woodland, the second was construction land and unused land, and the trend of construction land area increased significantly in each period. 2) It's variation in different terrain gradient range of different land use during 2000 and 2010. Low terrain gradient ranges were the advantages of arable land, water area and construction land area; the medium terrain gradient range was concentrated on the area of grassland; the high terrain gradient range was concentrated on the area of woodland. 3) During 2000 and 2010, land use type of TUPU gave priority to with stable type and the anaphase type in the study area. The low and high terrain gradient ranges were the advantaging distribution of stable type of TUPU; the anaphase type mainly distributed on the low, medium high and high terrain gradient range. From 2000 to 2005, the advantaging distribution of woodland had a tendency to the expansion of lower terrain gradient and the arable land was the main source of transfer. During 2005 and 2010, the advantaging distribution of arable land had a tendency to the expansion of higher terrain gradient and the changing mode was mainly including "woodland to arable land", "unused to arable land" and "grassland to arable land".

The behavior of supervision and maintenance was an importance guarantee for basic function of rural land consolidation. The essential implication for supervision and maintenance of rural land consolidation was discussed, as the premise of performance evaluation system development, from the view of peasants' satisfaction degree. Then Structure-Conduct-Performance paradigm was introduced from neo-institutional economics fields to help establish a theoretical framework of organization structure, public participation conduce, supervision and maintenance performance for rural land consolidation. The empirical study was carried out after the field investigation both in Huanggaihu Farm in Chibi and Panjiawan Town in Jiayu, Hubei Province. The results were calculated by satisfaction degree and index weight, which was a linear combination value by subjective weight and objective weight. Afterwards, the supposed logic relationship among organization structure, public participation conduce, supervision and maintenance performance were examined by using collected data to explore the former two factors' influence on the later one. The main study results were as follows. Performance value of supervision and maintenance of rural land consolidationwas near to middle level, and the difference between Huanggaihu and Panjiawan was statistical significant. For all samples, several variables were significant factors, such as sustainable and improvement of organization structure, finance funding, public participation, and so on. The regression equations also explained that the enterprise management of Huanggaihu Farm, the governance reform and finance support of Panjiawan, were the chief reason of performance difference between two districts. The study results verified the effectiveness of Structure-Conduct-Performance paradigm, and were useful for performance improving.

Based on the data collected from 66 sampling sites within the rivers of the Chaohu basin during April and October, 2013, the spatio-temporal variations in fish assemblages were examined in this study. Our results showed that fish species diversity did not vary among rivers and ecoregions but differed significantly across seasons and stream orders. Fish abundance collected in October was more than that in April. The highest species richness and fish abundance were observed in the second-order streams, significantly higher than that in the first-, third- and fourth-order streams. Fish assemblage structures showed significant difference across seasons and ecoregions, respectively, but did not differ significantly among rivers and stream orders. When looking at the sub-ecoregion scale, significant difference in fish assemblage structures was only observed between the West-southern Forest Sub-ecoregion and the other five sub-ecoregions, while that among the other five sub-ecoregions showed no significant variation. Zacco platypus and Ctenogobius spp. were more abundant and frequent in the West-southern Forest Sub-ecoregion, while Carassius auratus, Hemiculter leucisculus and Cyprinus carpio were more abundant and frequent in other sub-ecoregions.

In order to illustrate fish community structure of Lake Changhu, spatial and temporal variation of fish communities were investigated seasonally from March to November 2014. The results indicated that: in Lake Changhu, 43 species belonging to 7 orders, 14 families and 37 genera were collected, most of which were lake resident species; there were different dominant species between two lake regions, but Carassius auratus, Hemiculter leucisculus, Cyprinus carpio and Culter dabryi were their common dominant species; Ranges of Margalef species richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index of fish community in Lake Changhu were from 0.53 to 2.30, from 0.52 to 2.02, and from 0.24 to 0.66, respectively; Except for species richness index, other diversity indices were relatively higher in May or August; Hierarchical analysis and MDS analysis revealed that there were two different fish communities based on their spatial and seasonal variation of fish abundance in Lake Changhu; ABC plot showed that dominant fish species of Lake Changhu were mainly small fish or young individuals of large fish, and fish community had been disturbed. In view of declining fish resources in Lake Changhu, it was suggested that removing enclosure culture and banning harmful fishing gear, along with enhancement-release technology and aquatic plants planting technology, were essential for the conservation and sustainable utilization of fish resources in Lake Changhu.

The rural settlement was an important manifestation of the urban-rural dual structure in China. At the same time, it was a leading factor of rural human-land conflict,and a basic unit of rural social. The data, including new settlements and reclamation settlements in Shizhu district Linxi town of Chongqing from 2010 to 2014, were taken as main source. Applying deviation degree and spatial variation coefficient, the difference which each environment factor influence on new settlements reclamation settlements were analyzed. And maximum method was applied to select most suitable area for new settlements and key area for reclamation settlements. Results indicated that, the differences which each environment factor influence on spatial distribution of new settlements and reclamation settlements were obvious. The two environment factors, road and town, were the main influence factors on area proportion of new settlements and reclamation settlements. The maximum values of deviation degree which road and cultivated land influence on reclamation settlements were 0.69 and -0.503. Road and cultivated land were main environment factors influence on reclamation settlements. The maximum values of deviation degree which road and slope influence on new settlements were -0.742 and -0.106. Slope and road were the most key environment factors influence on new settlements. The total deviation degree absolute value of reclamation settlements was 1.53, which bigger than the value of new settlements. The influence of reclamation settlements was more obvious on distribution of total settlements than that in new settlements. Different environment classification factor had various influence on new settlements and reclamation settlements. The trend of new settlement near the town, road, river and distribution on the area with 6°-15° slope, was obvious. And the trend of reclamation settlements far away from road and town, distribution on the area with steep slope, was obvious too. The locations of most new settlements were trend to the area near town for convenience living. The more of reclamation settlements distributed with the far away road for inconvenient traffic. The locations of most new settlements had the trend near road also for convenient traffic. So, more reclamation settlements accompanied by the far distance away from road. The influences of river on new settlements and reclamation settlements were not obvious. The area, massive cultivate land nearby, was not selected to build new settlement usually for protecting cultivate land. And surrounding of the reclamation settlements, there were massive cultivate land distribution, for reclamation settlements helps to protect cultivate land. Accompanying with the elevation rising, the quantity of new settlements and reclamation settlement became less. There were more new settlements and reclamation settlement distributing in the area with gentle slope. Appling the maximum value method, it found that the areas which were the combination of distance from the road within 100 meters and had the slope between six to fifteen slopes can be priority new settlements layout. However, the areas with combination of the distance were more than 400 meters and there were few arable lands within 10 meters around can be chosen as reclamation settlements layout. The study has theoretical and practical value for selecting rural settlement location and choosing reclamation settlements in typical hilly areas. And there need more researches on applying study results to select new settlements location and key reclamation area. At the same time, how to use the results to optimize the settlement distribution need further study.

By using of the monitoring-statistical results of surface sediments quality of Changjiang Estuary inshore in summer of 2004 and 2009, on the base of the weighted average environmental quality comprehensive index method, to determine the weight by applying improved analytical hierarchy process method, with the marine sediment quality as evaluation criterion, the new comprehensive evaluation model of marine sediment quality was constructed.The classifying of main pollution factors in surface sediments of Changjiang Estuary inshore was performed, and a comprehensive assessment was given on surface sediments environmental quality with using of the new evaluation model constructed. The assessing results showed that Sulfides, Oil, and Hg were Normal Factor, Pb, Cd, As, PCBS, and DDTS were Pivotal Factor, Cu and TOC were Warning Factor in surface sediments of Changjiang Estuary inshore. On the whole, the surface sediment environmental quality was generally good, the comprehensive evaluation index was between 0.267 to 0.636, the comprehensive environmental quality of all the surface sediment samples in Changjiang estuary was at Ⅰgrade marine sediments quality level;the content of Cu and TOC in individual stations was exceededⅠgrade marine sediments quality level. Moreover, with a simple calculation progress of the constructed marine sediment quality comprehensive assessing model simple, and the factors weights in this model affected by artificial subjective factors, it is more objective to reflect spatial variation characteristics about marine sediment comprehensive environmental quality, and this comprehensive assessing model is with being universal.

Based on annual precipitation observation data from Wangmuguan and Liyang monitoring stations during the period of 1953 to 2013, the evolution of annual precipitation of Lake Changdanghu in the past 61 years was systematically analyzed by using the methods of Mann-Kendall and Sperman's test, wavelet transform and time series analysis. Results showed that the average annual precipitation is 1115.1 mm in this area. The precipitation presented obviously seasonal dynamics during the whole year. The annual precipitation showed downward trend, and the majority of rainfall occurred in a normal year, the rainy year was nearly the same as the drier year in the last 61 years in Lake Changdanghu. The main period of annual precipitation is 9.5 years at Lake Changdanghu. The conclusion from this paper provided important references for flood control, utilization of water resource, water regulation scheme development and climate change adoption for the Lake Changdanghu.

The rapid development of urbanization brought about serious resources and ecological problems. From 1995 to 2013, Anhui province experienced fast urbanization. The urbanization rate rose from 17.4% in 1995 to 47.9% in 2013, totally rising 30%. Especially from 2005 to 2013, the average annual increase rate of urbanization was 1.6%, higher than the national average value of 1.3%. With the case of Anhui province, this paper studied the development path of new pattern urbanization from the perspective of ecological footprint. Firstly, it calculated ecological footprint from 1995 to 2013 of Anhui province, then discussed its dynamic change, lastly analysed factors affecting ecological footprint. Results showed that the per capital ecological footprint of Anhui province was increasing year by year. From 1995 to 2013, it increased from 0.888 3 hm² per capital to 2.445 7 hm² per capital, annually growing 7.62% on average. While the ecological deficit of Anhui Province was also increasing yearly from 1995 to 2013, up from 0.410 6 hm² per capita in 1995 to 1.722 1 hm² per capital, rising more than 3 times. The size and the amount of increase of six categories of land were different. The size of per capital ecological footprint, fossil land's ecological footprint accounted for more than a half, the second was arable land, and others' ecological footprint was relatively small. From the perspective of the amount of increase, the ecological footprint of grassland increased fastest, from 0.013 2 hm² per capital to 0.085 5 hm² per capital in 2013, almost growing 6 times. The building land's ecological footprint had risen more than 4 times, from 0.001 4 hm² per capita in 1995 to 0.007 2 hm² per capital. The ecological footprint of forest land, water area and fossil land have risen about twice. While the arable land's ecological footprint has been stable during 1995 to 2013, maintaining 0.32 hm² per capital. These data showed that the urbanization of Anhui province was not sustainable. Demographic factors, technical factors and economic factors affect ecological footprint significantly. Among them, technology progress inhibited the increasing of ecological footprint. Results showed that if ecological footprint intensity grew 1 unit, the ecological footprint would decrease 0.078 9 units. It indicated that enhancing the efficiency of resource usage can reduce the impact of economic activities on the ecological environment. The growth of population brought about the growing of ecological footprint. If population grew 10 thousand, the per capital ecological footprint would increase 0.013 5 hm². In theory, the improvement of population quality decreased the ecological footprint, and can also increase the ecological footprint by causing more consumption. So the empirical analysis demonstrated that consumption matters more than population quality. As to economics factors, there was positive correlation between urbanization rate and ecological footprint. Among factors selected in this paper, urbanization rate has the greatest influence on ecological footprint. If urbanization rate increase every 1%, the per capital ecological footprint will rise 0.210 5 hm². And the development of three main industries increased the ecological footprint. In details, the output of primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry growing 1 unit would respectively cause ecological footprint up 0.098 7 units, 0.103 1 units and 0.055 8 units. From this result, we can conclude that the development of the secondary industry has the greatest to ecological footprint, the second was the primary industry, and the last was the tertiary industry. Consumption caused increasing ecological footprint. Urban residents' consumption played a slightly greater role on ecological footprint than rural residents'. The consumption of urban resident and rural resident rising 1 unit brings about per capital ecological footprint increasing 0.167 3 units and 0.158 2 units respectively. Finally, according to the analysis, appropriate countermeasures were proposed to reduce ecological and promote sustainable development of new pattern urbanization in the future, such as preventing urbanization from developing too fast; implementing "compact type" urbanization development strategy; utilizing technology innovation to promote the efficiency of energy use and promote industrial upgrading; and advocating green life-styles.

Soils were sampled in rape field, native wetland, and wetland returned from farmland to lake (RFL) within different periods (3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 21a) and analyzed the distribution of active aluminum forms in the Caizi Lake, Anhui Province. The results showed that the contents of soil total aluminum (Al_T) and active aluminum (Al_A) were 16.78-57.05 g/kg and 1 699.94-3 823.49 mg/kg respectively, moreover Al_A accounted for 6.70%-11.84% of soil Al_T in studied fields. The contents of Al_T, Al_A and other five active aluminum forms increased with the increase of RFL age within the restoration period of 3-11a, and declined gradually after 11a of RFL. Among the active aluminum forms, solution aluminum (Al_S) was the lowest. Acid-soluble inorganic aluminum [Al(OH)₃⁰] and humic-acid aluminum [Al-HA] were higher, which accounted for 42%-53% and 39%-50% of soil Al_A respectively, which dominated the change of Al_A. The results indicated that the variation of soil clay, organic matter and available phosphorus was due to the change of wetland vegetation and hydrological conditions, which resulted in the characteristics of soil active aluminum components after RFL. The results also indicated that the most toxic forms of aluminum, exchange aluminum (Al³⁺) and unimer hydroxyl aluminum [Al(OH)²⁺、Al(OH)₂⁺] increased gradually within the restoration period of 3-9 a. Wetland soils sustained ecological risk of aluminum toxicity in the period of 3-9 a after RFL.

Ecological footprint closely relating to sustainable development theory was an ecological and economic index which can measure the impact of human activities on the earth's ecological environment, and reflected the sustainable development level of a country or region quantitatively. Based on the statistical data of 2005,2010 and 2013, using the ecological footprint method to account for the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity in this three time points of 17 cities (State, District) of Hubei province, and then deeply researched the different regions' ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity and the status of the ecological surplus and deficit from the perspective of time and space to observe its dynamic changes, the results showed that: on the whole, the total ecological footprint and the per capita ecological footprint of 17 cities (State, District) of Hubei province had showed a trend of rapid growth, in which the central city was faster than the other area, such as Shiyan city, Suizhou city, Ezhou city, Yichang city, Xiantao city, Xiangyang city and Jingmen city, etc. In 2005, the most serious ecological deficit concentrated in the area of east-central Hubei province which represented by Wuhan city. However, the most area serious of ecological deficit had centered on the area of the mid-west areas of Hubei in 2013. The gravity center of the space distribution of ecological deficit had a significant offset from the east to the west. The ecological footprint of six kinds of ecological productive land of the 17 cities (State, District) are presented a rising trend, the growth rate of six types of ecological productive land from high to slow is construction land, fossil energy land, grassland, fishing land, forest land and cropland. Respectively in regional terms, Qianjiang city, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Shennongjia Forestry District, Tianmen city, Xiantao city, Huanggang city, Xiaogan city, Yichang city, Xiangyang city had the fastest growth rates in construction land ecological footprint, while Shiyan city, Ezhou city, Huangshi city, Jingzhou city, Jingmen city increased most rapidly in fishing land ecological footprint. The fossil energy land ecological footprint of the other areas except for Xianning city were growing fast. At the same time, the rising trend of cropland ecological footprint was relatively smooth. For this reason, the grassland, fishing land, fossil energy land and cropland jointly decided the rising trend of per capita ecological footprint of each area of Hubei province, and construction land ecological footprint ' influence and effect would be more and more obvious as time goes on. In order to promote balanced and sustainable development of Hubei province, paper puts forward some suggestions: the first was adjusting the policy according to the regional actual situation, and coordinating with various types of land use. The second was using the transportation and location advantage, convenience of the bonded logistics park, the platform of urban agglomeration in the middle reach of Yangtze River and the Yangtze River economic belt to develop regional and interregional trade, achieving balance between supply and demand through the product circulation. Third, all districts actively implemented the main function zones planning, coordinate the production, living and ecological space to improve the ecological carrying capacity.

Woody debris (WD), mainlyincluding coarse woody debris and fine woody debris, was an important part with a variety of ecological functions in natural Pinus tabulaeformis mixed stands, which cannot be neglected effect on stability and development of the forest ecosystem. In this paper, a permanent sample plot (100 m×100 m) was set up on Huanglong Mountain of Loess Plateau, and conducted the survey and coordinate positioning for each timber based on spatial-temporal method and the point pattern analysis method. The author studied the storage composition, Inter-and interspecies spatial associations, decay characteristics, density and water content dynamics in natural Pinus tabulaeformis mixed stands, and discussed the trend of dominant species distribution, then provided reference for sustainable management of related forest. The results showed that, (1) The total storage of woody debris was 10.73 t·hm^-2, with 10.31 t·hm^-2 and 0.42 t·hm^-2 for the coarse woody debris and the fine woody debris, accounting for 96.09% and 13.91% of the total storage, respectively. The fallen wood was the main source of woody debris. The highest proportion were between 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm in diameter class, which were the absolute advantage in the number of diameter distribution, and the diameter greater than 20 cm accounted the majority of the total storage. According to the decay level, most of woody debris were focused on decay level Ⅱ and Ⅲ (the sum accounted for 69.98% and 73.49%, respectively); (2) Using the Linear model to simulate the decomposition density and water content of woody debris, the fitting results showed that the density of wood debris increased with a decline trend of decomposition level but, it showed the upward trend with the increasing with decay level for the water content; (3) The main species contained Pinus tabulaeformis, Birch and Aspen were changed from negative in small spatial scale to positive association in large spatial scale, and shared the environment resources in the end, so the forest communities had greater stability. The Inter-and interspecies spatial associations of woody debris were the results of long term interactions between the community and the natural environment, the forest ecological environment changed from positive pioneer species adaptation to shade tree species adaptation. The situation of woody debris in this forest reflected the structural characteristics of woody debris in late succession stage of the region, and the results would provide the scientific basis for forest management and ecosystems protection for Huanglong Mountain of Loess Plateau.

By establishing linkage between water use and financial compensation among provinces, calculating the difference of water services resources ecological value in the provincial administrative regions along the Yangtze River Basin, was applied to promote coordinated regional development. Based on ecological footprint model to measure water resources overload index of the provinces along the Yangtze River Basin Water and the results of the ecological value, taking account into regional compensation capability, was used to build a quantitative model of water resources ecological compensation, which should be calculated for each province ecological compensation payments. The results showed that the total amount of water resources ecosystem services worth in the Yangtze River Basins of was up to 9.37×10¹² yuan, and the value of ecosystem services were more than 3.1×10⁸ yuan. Overall value of ecosystem services Yangtze River Valley exhibited low ends high in the middle of the trend, the proportion of the value of ecosystem services downstream division ratio of 44%, 49% and 7%, respectively protection of water resources should ideally be on the middle reaches of the region and the "value of ecosystem services spillover" make the appropriate compensation in the middle reaches and downstream of the Yangtze River basin. Yangtze River Basin water resources should be given overall ecological compensation of 119.35billion yuan.

Storm surge wasthe most deadly natural disasters to low coastal areas. According to historical archives of Ming Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, supplemented with contemporary extraction, 3789 notes which recorded tide disasters occurred in Jiangsu and Zhejiang from 1368 to 1911 were collected. Using the direct and indirect evidences of storm surges, 2119 notes were sorted out. A method to reconstruct the frequency of storm surges was also established according to the time of records and adjacent relationship. Using this method and basing on these historical notes, in this research 787 storm surges in Jiangsu and Zhejiang from 1368 to 1911 were reconstructed, and the temporal distribution curve of the storm surges was analyzed. The result showed that: During the year of 1460-1480, 1570-1595, 1715-1745, 1785-181 and 1880-1890 storm surges were more frequent than average. During the year of 1390-1410, 1445-1465, 1480-1510, 1545-1570, 1600-1630, 1680-1715 and 179-1825 storm surges were less frequent than average.Wavelet analysis showed that the sequence of storm surges has the main period of 45 years, 25 years and 14 years. The 45 years wasthe most notable period, which decided the features of storm surges in the long term. Moving t-test demonstratedthat in the year of 1402, 1444, 1477, 1566, 1624, 1634, 1711, 1799, 1846, 1856, 1875 and 1880, storm surge may experience climatic jump.Further analysis showed that in the year of 1402, 1457, 1566, 1624, 1652, 1711, 1846 and 1880, storm surge tended to be more active.In the year of 1444, 1477, 1543, 1634, 1799 and 1856, storm surge tended to be quiet. Comparison between storm surges sequence and annual temperature departure showed that the number of storm surge was significantly correlated to temperature but the response of storm surges was hysteretic. This may indicated that in the context of global warming,the threat of storm surges in Jiangsu and Zhejiang wouldrise.The distribution of storm surges can be divided into four regions, namely North Jiangsu, Yangtze River Delta, Hangzhou Bay and East Zhejiang. Most storm surges concentrated inYangtze River Delta and Hangzhou Bay, which was less in North Jiangsu and East Zhejiang. Influence scope of storm surge in North Jiangsu was quite vast, which only concentrated in seashore when it occurred in East Zhejiang. Storm surge can influence Liuhe along the Yangtze River and influence Taoyuan along the Huai River (the Old Yellow River).