Abstract: In this paper, the three-stage DEA-Malmquist index method is applied to analyze the water resources total factor productivity and its resolution indexes of the eleven provinces (municipalities) on the Yangtze River Economic Belt between 2009 and 2014. Eliminating the external environmental and random error factors, the results show that great changes have happened to the water resources’ total factor productivity and the resolution efficiency. Regional water resources’ total factor productivity, technological progress index and technical efficiency yearly index raised about 72%, 47%, and 24%, respectively. The technological improvement is the main reason for the increase of the water resources total factor productivity on Belt. The western region water resources’ total factor productivity and technical efficiency had the highest annual average growth rate, whereas the eastern region held the highest average annual growth rate in technology. The water resources total factor productivity of the Economic Belt exhibited a significant absolute β convergence, indicating the provincial gaps of the water resources total factor productivity was becoming small, and eventually reach to similar steady levels.