Abstract: Assessment and investigation of biodiversity distribution (and/or hotspots) are the foundations of conservation area establishment and biological protection decisions. Dongting Lake area located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, is an important wetland ecosystem in China. It is one of the major wintering habitats for the migrant birds of China or Asia. This study focused on the spatiotemporal characteristics of fourteen protected bird species (class I and II) in Dongting Lake area, analyzed total 35 environmental factors, such as topography, water types, vegetation, climate, human activities influences, etc. The Maxent model was used to access those birds habitats suitability. The results showed: (1) These bird biodiversity distributions were featured as group, and the bird habitat hotspot areas were decreasing from 1990 to 2013; (2) The landscape pattern of the bird biodiversity hotspots tended to break down, and these habitat shapes were becoming simple and flat; but the habitat patterns were turning to complex; (3) Economic and social developments showed significant influence on birds biodiversity hotspots of this region, but those naturally environmental factors didn't. These results may be useful for regional biodiversity conservation.