Abstract: By adopting the superefficiency SBM model, this paper measures the ecoefficiency of urban agglomeration in the middle Yangtze River Basin. Based on the urban panel data from 2003 to 2015, we analyze the spatialtemporal difference and spatial spillover effect of the area. The results show that, although the ecoefficiency of urban agglomeration in the middle Yangtze River Basin was improved during 2003-2015, the overall level of efficiency is low. The ecoefficiency of the four major urban agglomerations concerned is not balanced: Wuhan urban agglomeration has the highest average ecoefficiency, Poyang Lake urban agglomeration the second, ChangZhuTan urban agglomeration comes next, and XiangJingYi urban agglomeration the last. The development patterns of cities’ ecoefficiency are enormously different, and the ecoefficiency among different cities shows negative spatial correlation, what’s more, the Pollution Club phenomenon exists in some areas. In order to enhance the ecoefficiency of urban agglomeration in the middle Yangtze River Basin, effective cooperation and concerted action among the cities are required. Therefore, following suggestions are proposed: firstly, the environmental regulations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River should be unified. Secondly, the ecological compensation mechanism of the urban agglomeration should be improved. Thirdly, superior industrial clusters should be built on the basis of collaboration among these cities. Furthermore, we also need to change the GDPcentered political achievement evaluation criterion, and optimize the layout of urban space