Abstract: Since the 1980’s, the forestry ecological engineering programs for schistosomiasis prevention had achieved remarkable results in China. However, spatial distribution of snail inhibition and disease prevention forests need further improvement. Recurrent of snail that causes schistosomiasis is common in some areas. In this paper, on the basis of the environmental suitability analysis of snail habitat in Shishou city of Hubei province, the risk grades of snail survival were assessed by the analytic hierarchy process method. The optimization areas of spatial layout of snail inhibition and disease prevention forests were identified. Suitable forestland and regenerated forestland will provide the basis for overall arrangement of the forestry schistosomiasis prevention ecological engineering. The results showed that the highrisk areas of snail survival in Shishou city were mainly in tributaries, irrigation canals, ditches, ponds and beaches along the Yangtze River. These areas accounted for 874% of the study area. The mediumrisk areas of snail survival (2377%) were inside embankment of the Yangtze River, while the lowrisk areas (6749%) were in the permanent water of large lakes and the Yangtze River, and around urban area. The snail inhibition and disease prevention forests in Shishou city mostly were juvenile forest or halfmature forest, accounting for 8047% of all forested area. Mature and overmature forest accounted for 1405% all forested area. The total optimization areas of snail inhibition and disease prevention forests in Shishou city were 7 33586 hm2 including 4 51251 hm2 regenerated forestland and 2 82336 hm2 suitable forestland. In which 2395% of optimization area were within the highrisk areas, 2322% in the mediumrisk areas and 5283% in the lowrisk areas. The lowrisk areas were the priority regions for the construction of snail inhibition and disease prevention forest in the next few years in Shishou city