Abstract: This paper analyzes the influence path and effect of institutional performance of supervision and maintenance for rural land consolidation project by borrowing structureconductperformance paradigm, based on 568 questionnaires in Hubei province. It aims to provide the useful support for the perfection of the institution and improvement of institutional performance. Methodically, structural equation model and mediating effects model are employed. The main results are as follows. Firstly, the proposed SCP model is verified. The institutional structure could not only affect institutional performance directly but also indirectly through the supervision and maintenance behavior, and the indirect effect is greater than the direct one. Secondly, contributions of the informal institution variables are greater in the institutional structure, while the path coefficients of inrole behaviors variables are higher in supervision and maintenance behavior. Furthermore, reputation influence, destructiondiscourage, subject selection play the most important roles in the institutional structure, supervision and maintenance behavior, institutional performance respectively, with the effect values of 0.56, 0.79 and 0.84. Lastly, the mediating effect of supervision and maintenance behavior is significant in the studied areas, including document area and contract area. Moreover, the mediating effects of contract area is higher than the document area. In conclusion, we should pay more attention to the incentive and restraint function of informal institution, and guide the villagers to form the tradition of actively participating in supervision and maintenance gradually. Thus, the enforcement of infrastructure of supervision and maintenance should be strengthened, especially preventing destruction of facilities timely to avoid the “broken window effect”. Also, the market mechanism should be introduced to promote the diversification of subject selection procedure.

Key words: land consolidation, supervision and maintenance, institutional structure, supervision and maintenance behavior, institutional performance