Abstract: With accelerating of economic globalization and regional integration, an increasing number of attention has been paid to the development of the export-oriented economy. Therefore, combined with the characteristics of export-oriented economy, which could be started from several aspects: international economy and trade, utilization of foreign capital, after that the export-oriented economic development in Central China was measured. Additionally, this article analyzed its spatial-temporal pattern by quantitative analysis methods, and used GWR model to measure its influencing factors. The results showed as follows: ① The CV of variation of export-oriented economic development in Central China showed a decreasing trend from 2005 to 2015, and the regional gap reduced. ② The low-level areas and lower-level areas gathered narrowed but always dominated the Central China, furthermore, the characteristics of spatial agglomeration were conspicuous. Nevertheless, the range of high-level and higher-level areas was fairly minor, and which was more geographically dispersed. The spatial distribution of export-oriented economy in Central China showed a pattern of southeast high northwest low. ③The spatial agglomeration degree of the export-oriented economic development in Central China showed an increasing trend. The number of HH areas had increased significantly, LL areas went ups and downs, but had been dominant. From the perspective of hot-spot analysis, hot spots were mainly formed in the southeast, and cold spots lay southwest to northeast in Central China, it indicated that the level of export-oriented economic development in the southeast was higher. ④The influencing factors of the export-oriented economic development in Central China were as follows: urbanization rate, the proportion of the output value of the secondary industry, distance with the nearest seaport A level or inland river port, the proportion of tertiary industry, the proportion of the number of ports, the proportion of science and technology expenditure in financial expenditure, distance with the nearest central city, and per capita revenue. In particular, urbanization rate had the greatest impact on the export-oriented economic development, per capita revenue had little influence on it. Accordingly, this article concludes with corresponding suggestions to promote the overall level of the export-oriented economic development in Central China.