Abstract: In view of the existing problems in the sustainable water management of the North China Plain (NCP), the MIKE SHE model and SD model were adopted to set three scenarios, including business as usual, agricultural water conservation (AWC) and south-to-north water diversion project (SNWDP), to simulate the impact of AWC and SNWDP on the sustainable water management of the NCP from 2014 to 2028. The results show that :(1) the implementation of agricultural water conservation has a certain impact on the sustainable water management in the NCP. At the end of the simulation period, the water shortage index decreased by 15.8%, and the insufficient irrigation and irrigation reduction made the groundwater aquifer storage recover by 0.06 m and 0.12 m respectively; (2) SNWDP can significantly reduce water shortage index (decreasing by 50.7%) and the recovery of groundwater levels and aquifer storage appear larger (aquifer storage recovery of 1.12 m); (3) the NCP is unable to solve the problem of water shortage in the short term, but through a variety of ways, such as advocating water conservation, increasing water use efficiency and transferring water from outside area, can effectively alleviate the water shortage of the NCP and ensure the sustainable utilization and development of water resources.