In the trend of shifting from single to collaborative innovation and from closed to open innovation, the differences of creating, accumulating and absorbing knowledge among cities and regions have become crucial for accounting for the heterogeneities of innovation activities. A number of 289 cities at prefecture level and above in China were chosen as the objects of study and co-patent data was used as a proxy for relational data in order to establish a taxonomy on innovation network patterns from dimensions of intra- and inter-city interaction intensity. Based on the taxonomy, the innovation efficiencies of the case cities with different innovation network patterns were measured and compared by DEA approach. Results showed that: (1) Intra-city collaboration intensity were weak as a whole except provincial capitals which possessed most of high education and science resources and old industrial cities which were associated with a low degree of opening, whereas inter-city linkage intensity were characterized by evident spatial heterogeneities with a gradient weakened from the east to the west, and cities with high level of inter-city collaboration intensity were mainly distributed in major urban agglomerations in eastern China, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Changjiang River Delta region, the Zhujiang River Delta region and region of West Coast of Taiwan Straits for instance. (2) These cities were classified into four types, namely network city, outward city, local city and isolated city, based on the dimensions of intra- and inter-city network interaction intensity. Interestingly, the spatial distribution of the cities in eastern China were characterized by a combination pattern of concentric circle that network cities centered which were encircled by outward cities, while both local cities and isolated cities were mainly located in the outer circle. (3) Urban innovation efficiencies of the four types of innovation network patterns were significantly different. Network cities at the core position of the innovation network had the highest innovation efficiencies, followed by outward cities and local cities, and isolated cities were the lowest.

Based on the land utilization data of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2015, the land utilization distribution pattern and the transfer direction of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration have been described using the transition probability matrix of land utilization methods, Then, the value of ecosystem services within the region quantitatively was analyzed by the Xie Gao-di modified Costanza value evaluation methods, and its spatial distribution pattern was explained by geodetector. The research showed that the main land utilization type of urban agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta was cultivated land, showing a trend of decreasing year by year. The change of woodland was relatively stable, the change of water area was increased in the early time and then decreased, the construction land has been growing, and the retention rate of construction land was the top one, which cultivated land was the main source of conversion, grassland was mainly converted into cultivated land and forest land, and the water were mainly transferred to construction land. The ecosystem services value in the 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2015 of Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations was 266.426 billion yuan, 263.953 billion yuan, 261.549 billion yuan and 256.988 billion yuan, showing a trend of decreasing year by year. The value of farmland ecosystem decline was most obvious, and the contribution of forest ecosystem makes the greatest contribution to the entire region The value of the ecosystem services of cities with grades III and IV is higher than that of I and II, and the larger the scale of the city, the more obvious dominant position of the economic value. The spatial distribution pattern was characterized by high-value clusters centered on Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake, and higher in the southeast region than in the northwest region, which influenced by slope, elevation, soil type and population.

Based on qualitative and quantitative analysis, this paper focused on the time taken for expansion and the spatial evolution characteristics of construction land in Jiangsu Province from 1985 to 2015. By referring to the nearest neighbor index and spatial correlation method, the expansion direction and type of urban construction land were delimited, as were the spatial agglomeration characteristics. This paper diagnosed the dominant driving factors of urban construction land and analyzed the dominant driving factors in depth using multivariate linear regression and geographical detector. The major results were: first, the Jiangsu Province construction land extension showed Sunan > Suzhong > Subei. The period from 2000 to 2010 was the fastest for development of construction land. Second, self-correlation showed that the expansion of construction land in Jiangsu Province had an obvious agglomeration distribution pattern. Jiangsu Province had formed an urban sprawl distribution pattern along the Yangtze River, and it also exhibited urban agglomeration. The coordination and stability of the expansion of construction land in Jiangsu Province all showed that the geographical spatial pattern of Sunan was greater than Subei. The main time driving factors for the expansion of construction land were the industrial structure, population growth and the living standard of residents. The proportion of second and third industry is the core time driving factor of the expansion. GDP and population density were the leading spatial driving factors for the expansion of urban construction land in Jiangsu Province.

Land is the comprehensive carrier of production, living and ecological function (abbreviated as PLEF), and it should be the important foundation to conduct land quantitative evaluation and coupling and coordination characteristics analysis for the identification of land use conflict and the optimization of land space allocation. Based on the connotation analysis of PLEF, applying multi-scale fusion mathematical model, this research constructs the evaluation index system of PLEF, integrating both of the administrative unit scale and the grid scale, and the apply coupling coordination model to quantitatively calculate the coupling coordination degree in the study area of Jiangsu Province from 2005 to 2015. The result showed: (1) Land use production function (PF) and living functions (LF) in Jiangsu had been greatly improved from 2005 to 2015, for 13.79% and 21.72% respectively, but the spatial distribution differed obviously. PF and LF of the cities and counties in South Jiangsu were the highest, followed was Central Jiangsu, and Northern Jiangsu came the last; the ecological functions(EF) shows, a decline 6.03%. (2) Coupling coordination degree had been divided into 5 levels: well coordination area (WCA), intermediate coordination area (ICA), primary coordination area (PCA), substandard coordination area (SCA) and inferior coordination area (INCA). During 2005 and 2015, WCA and ICA increased by 13.79% and 21.72% respectively. PCA increased the largest by 22.05%, while SCA decreased the largest by 33.91%, separately. In addition, the proportion of INCA came the least by 2.5%.(3) The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of coupling coordination of PLEF in Jiangsu were significant. South Jiangsu showed the highest coupling coordination level, Northern Jiangsu showed the largest change, and the whole province region put up a promotion of coupling coordination level from SCA to PCA. This research has realized the multi-scale PLEF evaluation at the regional scale, which might provide a reference for the identification of land use conflicts.

Based on the Cobb-Douglas production function model, this paper introduces the public infrastructure capital stock into the economic growth model, uses the spatial panel data model effect analysis method, and uses the statistics of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2003 to 2016 to examine different types of public. The relationship between infrastructure capital stock and regional economic growth in different periods. The empirical results show that: (1) The economic growth of the provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has significant spatial dependence characteristics. After 2008, the degree of spatial dependence and its significance gradually declined. (2) Different types of public infrastructure capital stocks have significant differences in the spatial effects of regional economic growth. The energy infrastructure capital stock significantly promoted the global economic growth with a total effect of 0.515; the transportation infrastructure capital stock significantly boosted the local economic growth, the direct effect was 0.067 8, the indirect effect was not obvious; the water environment infrastructure capital stock inhibited the local economic growth, Pulling the economic growth in the adjacent region, the direct effect is -0.047 3, and the indirect effect is 0.165. (3) In different periods, with the accumulation of public infrastructure capital stock, its spatial effect on economic growth has changed significantly. In the period 2003-2008 and the period of 2009-2016, the spatial effect of the capital stock of energy infrastructure on regional economic growth has been turned negative, indicating that its stock has exceeded the optimal investment scale, and there is a phenomenon of scale uneconomic; The comparison of the capital stock of transportation and water environment infrastructure in two time periods shows that its spatial effect on economic growth is gradually increasing with the increase of investment volume.

The kernel density function is used to analyze the spatio-temporal differences of land-saving and labor-saving agricultural techniques’ input in China’s grain production from 2002 to 2016. And multiple linear regression method is used to analyze the influencing factors. The results show that: (1)The input of agricultural techniques in China’s grain production increased year by year. Among them, the input of land-saving techniques  have increased relatively smoothly, while the input in labor-saving techniques have increased substantially. (2)Provinces with higher input of land-saving techniques are concentrated in North China, while distributed in southern regions with low value. High-value areas of labor-saving techniques are mainly in the north of China, with Northeast being the highest, and provinces in the southwest being lower; the growth rate of the labor-saving techniques investment is higher than the land saving type.(3)The spatial differences in the input of land-saving techniques are decreasing, while the spatial differences in the input of labor-saving techniques are significantly increasing. (4)The input of both types of techniques is significantly affected by the scale of cultivated land, labor transfer rate. At the same time, the input of land-saving techniques is easily affected by the proportion of planting industry, while the input of labor-saving techniques is greatly affected by the quality of labor and the income gap between urban and rural areas. Differentiated agricultural development policies should be implemented to increase the utility level of input of techniques and promote the overall growth of agricultural productivity.

Water is the most important and sensitive factor in watershed spatial management, and the water sensitivity difference in different sections of the basin will have different restrictive effects on the expansion of construction land. From the perspective of integrated watershed spatial management, this paper attempts to construct watershed water sensitivity regionalization evaluation indexes and methods from four aspects: water resources, water ecology, water environment and water disasters. Taking Taihu Lake basin as a case, water sensitivity evaluation based on small watershed units is carried out. Based on the land use data of 1985, 1995, 2007 and 2017, the correlation between construction land expansion and water sensitivity in Taihu Lake basin in the past 30 years is depicted. The research shows that: ①From 1985 to 1995, the expansion of construction land in Taihu Lake Basin was basically not related to water sensitivity, and the construction land in high water sensitive area has the highest expansion intensity; ②From 1995 to 2007, the correlation between spatial expansion and water sensitivity was enhanced, the expansion intensity of construction land decreased with the increase of water sensitivity, and the area with larger expansion intensity was dominated by low water sensitivity area; ③From 2007 to 2017, the expansion intensity of construction land has been significantly improved. The expansion space is mainly distributed in low-water sensitive areas, and the restriction of water sensitivity on spatial expansion was increasing; ④Although the restriction of water sensitivity on the expansion of construction land is increasing,the correlation between them is not high enough, and the water sensitivity has not become a key constraint on construction land expansion. The research results of this paper can provide a scientific basis for coordinating the relationship between socio-economic development and resource environment in the basin and formulating spatial management policies for adapting to water sensitivity.

Hubei Province is a large agricultural province with diverse landforms and abundant vegetation types. Phenological information monitoring is of great significance to natural ecology and agricultural production. In this study, based on the normalized vegetation index data set of MODIS MOD13Q1 products, time series harmonic analysis method was used to reconstruct NDVI time series curve. Combining with land cover data, the spatial distribution characteristics of vegetation phenology in Hubei Province were obtained by the dynamic threshold method of phenological characteristics, and the phenological indexes of different land cover types were analyzed. The results show that: (1)Most of the western mountainous areas, southeastern and northeastern hilly areas of Hubei Province are covered by natural vegetation covering from NDVI change characteristic. The maximum NDVI value is above 0.75, and the minimum NDVI value is above 0.6 in most of these areas which indicate good vegetation condition. NDVI characteristic changes in central Jianghan plain and crop regions are greatly affected by agricultural cultivation, which are different from that of natural vegetation.(2)The phenological characteristics vary among different land cover types. The vegetation in most areas of Hubei Province enters the growing season from February to March, and ends growing from November to December. The contrary characteristics are found in Xiangyang area. Land cover types such as cultivated land, bare land, and water bodies that are greatly affected by humans have shorter growth seasons, and the start time is later, ending earlier. The growth season of natural vegetation such as forests, grasslands and shrubs are longer, starting earlier and ending later.(3)Phenological parameters have significant differences due to the influence of topography, land cover types, human and natural factors. The analysis of the regional vegetation ecological status and the spatial distribution characteristics of phenological characteristics of different land cover types had significance for vegetation ecological protection, vegetation classification and agricultural regionalization.

Spatial-temporal coupling characteristics of interaction between urbanization and eco-environment in Hunan since 2001 are analyzed empirically based on the framework of “analysis of system evolution characteristics-validation of dynamic coupling relationship-coordination status diagnosis and early warning”. The results show that: (1) the comprehensive development index of urbanization in Hunan Province increased from 0.537 in 2001 to 0.785 in 2015, reaching a middle and high level, and Changsha is the only city which achieves high level in 14 cities; (2) the index of ecosystem health showed a trend of U, reaching 0.764 in 2015 and in sub-health state, and greater system pressure was the key limiting factor; (3) the degree of coordination between urbanization and eco-environment first declined and then increased to 0.622 in 2015, which was at a lower level of basic coordination, and most of the cities and towns were in the critical value of mild disorders to basic coordination, which belonged to three types: lagging behind ecological construction, lagging urbanization and structural pollution; (4) urbanization and eco-environment have changed from mild disorders-regressive succession to mild disorders-positive succession and further to basic coordination-positive succession from the overall perspective of system evolution, the coupling degree of urbanization and eco-environment will be increased to 0.633 in 2020; Hunan will be in the green area for a long time in the future, and appropriate regional development policies should be adopted to promote the healthy development of urbanization and eco-environment.

The river ecological hydrological situation plays a decisive role in the ecosystem, to evaluate quantitatively the influence of ecological and hydrological situation of daily Regulating power station reservoir area, it can provide scientific and technological support for the ecological operation of power stations and the maintenance of the ecological health of rivers. In this paper, variation range method (RVA) was used to analyze the daily flow rate, water level and flow velocity indicators of Hengyang hydrological station in Dayuandu junction reservoir area of Xiangjiang river main stream from 1959 to 2015, and the change of biodiversity in the reservoir area was preliminarily evaluated by the biodiversity index SI. The results show that after daily regulation of water storage in the power station, the characteristics and ecological influence of the ecological and hydrological changes in the reservoir area are as follows: The overall change degree of flow rate IHA index reached 81%, and the overall change degree of flow velocity IHA index reached 43%; In 4-7 month, the monthly average flow velocity decreased (height changed), which was not conducive to the spawning activities of “The four major Chinese carps”; The increase of annual minimum flow in the reservoir area is beneficial to the protection of natural habitats and plant communities; The decrease of annual extreme flow velocity increases the risk of ecological environment while changing the river landform in the reservoir area; The minimum annual value of flow rate and flow velocity changes by 100%, affecting the life activities of organisms; The changes of low flow rate pulse duration and high flow velocity pulse duration are not conducive to stimulate spawning and reproduction of domestic fish, After impoundment, SI value and biodiversity decreased.

Enshi is a mountainous ethnic tourist area with rich resources. In recent years, the promotion of pro-poor tourism policies has provided new opportunities for the development of the tourist industry of Enshi. A proper understanding of the size, direction and mode of tourist flows in this area is of great significance for government and tourism enterprises to make scientific decisions and rational plans. Drawing on the information offered by online travel notes, this paper investigates the spatial network structure and the transportation mode of the tourist flows in Enshi using social network analysis and ArcGIS spatial analysis. The results reveal: (1) The network structure of the tourist flows in Enshi is dispersed with a rather weak mobility of tourists between various tourism nodes. （2) Enshi, Lichuan and Hefeng are three tourist transportation hubs in the area, and the Enshi Grand Canyon is the assembling center of the network of tourism flows in this area. (3) The Enshi Grand Canyon, the Tusi City, the Tujia Girls’ town and the center of Enshi City are four core nodes, which are well connected with each other, of the tourism flows in Enshi. （4) There exist obvious seasonal variations in the tourist flows of Enshi, with the major flows concentrated in summer and autumn. (5) Bus and self-driving are the major transportation modes of tourist flows in Enshi. The tourist traffic lines are well developed in the area, but the public transportation system is still unable to satisfy tourists’ demands. （6) The character of mismatch of supply and demand has been found. The spatial mobility of tourists is rarely influenced by the level of tourism nodes.

Based on MODIS-NDVI and meteorological data, this paper analyzed the vegetation changes and influencing factors of Guizhou Plateau under the background of ecological engineering construction by using trend analysis, partial correlation analysis and residual analysis. Then quantitatively explore the impact of climate factors and human activities on vegetation. The results show that: (1) During 2000-2016, NDVI in Guizhou Plateau shows a spatial distribution pattern of high in the east and low in the west, with high values distributed in the wildlife conservation nature reserve, and low values in wetland protection project areas. The overall NDVI of the study area is on the rise. The wetland protection project area and the returning farmland to forest and grassland project area are rising rapidly, and the wildlife conservation nature reserve is slightly decreasing. (2) The improvement area (83.74%) is distributed in the edge of the study area and the northwest, while the degraded area (16.26%) is distributed in the middle and southeast. Among them, the vegetation improvement of returning farmland to forest and grassland project area is the most obvious, and the wildlife conservation nature reserve and the fast-growing high-yield project area are poor. (3) From the analysis of climate factors, temperature and precipitation are positively correlated with NDVI in general, and temperature has a greater impact on vegetation growth in Guizhou Plateau than precipitation. (4) From the analysis of human activities, human activities have a stronger effect on the construction of vegetation than on destruction. The positive effects of human activities (76.68%) is mainly distributed in the northwest, and the negative effects (23.32%) is concentrated in the southeast. The increase of vegetation is the result of the interaction of climatic factors and human activities. The contribution rate of human activities to vegetation is 75.53%, and the climate factor is 24.47%.

In recent years, the rapid urbanization process has led to a significant increase in bare land around cities, but the utilization rate of bare land is relatively low. Taking Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, as an example, this study used Landsat TM/OLI remote sensing images from 1999 to 2017 to extract the land use/cover change information, including bare land, mainly to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution and land transfer characteristics of bare land in the process of urbanization, and discussed the classification method of bare land transformation and utilization with bare land in 2017a as an example. The main conclusions as follows: （1) The highest rate and the lowest rate of bare land area accounts for in the study area is 6.34% (2011a) and 3.91% (1999a), respectively, the average annual growth rate is 1.64% during 1999-2017a, which is much lower than the average annual growth rate of urban impervious surface (9.74%) in the same period. The spatial distribution of bare land is scattered, and most of the bare land is located in the interval between 460-500 m and the slope below 8 degrees. The bare land mainly distributes along the boundaries of urban built-up areas and on both sides of newly built roads in different periods. The change of bare land landscape index reflects that before 2011, the growth mode of bare land area was mainly patch boundary expansion and patch merging. From 2011, bare land was segmented or reused on the basis of original patches. （2) From 1999 to 2017, 61.35% of bare land was converted from cultivated land and 23.58% from woodland. During the same period, 51.88% of bare land was transferred to cultivated land and 24.79% to urban impervious surface. （3) The evaluation index system of bare land transformation and utilization was constructed based on the factors of location, topography and landscape pattern. The bare land was classified into five types: community reuse, urban greening, urban infrastructure construction, urban agriculture and ecological restoration, the purpose of this study is to provide a reference for bare land transformation and utilization in the process of urbanization in the study area. 

With the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposing to strengthen the protection of ecosystems , build ecological corridors and biodiversity protection network, the number of wildlife populations and frequency of human-wildlife conflict (HWC) increases, which brings psychological trauma.Thus, psychological trauma has become an important problem of building the harmonious relationship between human and wildlife. Based on the related theories of psychological trauma, Cross-analysis, factor analysis and ordered logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of psychological trauma. The following conclusions were drawn:(1)Women, elderly people, people with low education, poor health and weak economic status are more likely to occur psychological trauma in HWC;(2)With the improvement of economic status, the degree of psychological trauma is significantly reduced;(3)The more serious wildlife conflict is, the higher psychological trauma will be;(4)The more effective rescue compensation measures are, the lower level of psychological trauma will be. Some suggestions were proposed eventually, such as psychological intervention, strengthening the economic status, establishing the mechanism of HWC prevention emergency system and improving the compensation management.

In order to study the community structure of bacterioplankton and the driving factors in the mainstream of Yangtze River, Quantitative Real-time PCR and high-throughtput sequencing targeting on the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were used. Water samples were collected from 40 sites from Luzhou (Sichuan province) to Wusongkou (Shanghai city) along the mainstream of Yangtze River. The results show that the 16S rRNA gene abundance of all sites range from 2.64×106 copies/L to 1.44×109 copies/L. There is no significant difference in α-diversity between upper (from Luzhou to Zigui), middle (from Yichang to Hukou) and lower (from Huayang to estuary) reaches. Meanwhile, the dominant phyla in the mainstream of Yangtze River are Proteobacteria (7.49%~86.53%), Actinobacteria (0.27%~54.72%), Firmicutes (0.03%~90.95%), Bacteroidetes (0.50%~45.36%) and Deinococcus-Thermus (0.00%~23.96%). The dominant taxa at genus or family level include Comamonadaceae (0.03%~65.67%), CL500-29_marine_group (0.00%~24.23%), hgcI_clade (0.00%~28.82%)、Bacillus (0.00%~90.88%) and Hydrogenophaga (0.03%~38.55%). Moreover, the taxa with the highest relative abundance in upper reaches is Bacillus (0.00~90.88%), while it is Comamonadaceae in middle and lower reaches (0.60%~65.67% and 0.03%~65.67%, respectively). Additionally, the driving factors of these differences of bacterioplankton community structure vary in three reaches. The key factors affected the community structure are pH and suspend solids (SS) in upper reaches, dissolved oxygen (DO) in middle reaches, and DO, water temperature (WT) and total phosphorus (TP) in lower reaches. 

The South Asian high(SAH) in summer has an important effect on the distributions of drought and flood in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River. In order to understand the interdecadal evolution of summer precipitation over the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River and improve the short-term climate prediction level, interdecadal variation of the SAH in summer and its impact on precipitation in this region was analyzed by using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and precipitation data from weather stations during 1960-2015. The results indicate that there were remarkably interdecadal abrupts for the summer SAH intensity, area, south border, east point, west point and ridge line. Meanwhile a remarkably interdecadal variation of the summer precipitation in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River also occurred. The SAH ridge line had the best correlation with the summer precipitation in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, showing a significant negative correlation. During the periods of summer SAH ridge line interdecadal southern, the SAH was relatively large and strong, and the upper air flow in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River was strong and divergent. While the West Pacific Subtropical High increased westward extension, and there was a stable low pressure covered India. The Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River located in the northwest side of the subtropical high and in front of the westerly trough where the prevailing southwest wind met the westerly airflow. The wind field in the lower layer had obvious shear and convergence, and the water vapor transported from the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea converged and rose in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, resulting in heavy precipitation. From the early 1990s to the early 2000s, the summer SAH weakened and retreated in the west, while the subtropical high weakened in the east. However, due to the small degree of weakening of the two high pressures, the summer precipitation in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River was still relatively high.

An investigation of fish composition and biodiversity in Pingchuan section of the upper reaches of Hanjiang River was made in May-June, 2016. A total of 29 species were collected, belonging to 25 genera, 5 families, and 3 orders. Cyprinidae was most abundant (21 species, 74.41% of the total species), followed by Loach (5 species, 17.24% of the total species). The horizontal distribution of fish species diversity appears rare in the middle section and abundant in the upper and lower sections. The vertical distribution of fish diversity according to the regular pattern that species diversity decreases when altitude increases. The method of non-metric multidimensional scale sorting (NMDS) was used to analyze the distribution characteristic of fish communities. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to analyze the relationship between fish spatial distribution pattern and water environmental factors. NMDS showed that there were no obvious clustering characteristics in the fish population distribution at each station. CCA analysis showed that the community structure of fish was effected by the conductivity of water biochemical oxygen demand in five days, pH and sulfate concentration remarkable (all P<0.01) in Pingchuan section of Hanjiang River.

Based on the daily observation data during 1979-2013, the characteristics of internal oscillation in summer extreme high temperature in southern of the Yangtze river were further discussed. By using Butterworth filter and power spectrum methods, results show that: From the middle of July to the middle of August, the high value center moves into southern of the Yangtze river(110°-125°E,22.5°N-30°N) and averaged hot days beyond 95% threshold show oscillation feature. Result of Power spectrum indicates daily maximum temperature presents the characteristics of intraseasonal variation in 10-25d. The impact system is not directly related to the subtropical high in the typical low frequency year(1989 and 1993). On the middle and high troposphere, the geopotential height presents 2 to 3 waves with the obvious intraseasonal oscillation features(10-15 day and 20-25day). The motion and propagation of the wave may be related to the low frequency variation of temperature.

Lake water level is a significant factors which essentially affects normal ecological function of lake. Proceeding researches and investigations specifically on characteristics of lake ecological water level alteration is prerequisite and imperative for enhancing understanding and comprehending about how lake water resources system changes during decades periods. Based on daily water level from year 1960 to year 2014 which acquired from monitoring data of 5 hydrological stations distributed over the region of Poyang Lake from 1960 to 2014, this current study first analyzed characteristics of inter-annual variation of Poyang Lake water level in recent years. On this basis then the IHA/RVA method was applied in this research to quantitative degree of ecological water level alteration and its corresponding spatial from time period of 2000-2014. Result shows that water level of the Poyang Lake has declined and recessed evidently in recent years. Specifically the annual average water level of Hukou, Xingzi and Duchang stations shares highly consistent and conformant alteration tendency, without apparent water level changes since 2009, and water level variation among those three stations has almost vanished from graph. In general speculate ecological water level variation of Poyang Lake during 2000-2014 is comparatively moderate which amounts to 38.86%.Among those 5 hydrological stations, Duchang station enjoys the highest changing, followed by Xingzi, Hukou, Kangshan and Tangyin station descendingly. Furthermore the variability of 5 major hydrological indicators which includes monthly water level (June and November), minimum 3 days and 30 days average water level, time of highest annual water level, frequency of high water level as well as annual water level reduction rate are all amount to over 50%. It is revealed that water level anomaly of Poyang Lake and its spatial variability during recent years may closely related to lake bottom morphology and topography alteration caused by sand mining. From those above analyses it is certainly illustrated that the current hydrological variation and alteration of Poyang Lake has already caused multiple adverse effects.

Hydrological connectivity in lakes plays an important role in water regulation, water purification and biodiversity conservation; However, meanwhile it may also induce negative effects and potential risks, such as an increased flood pressure, deteriorated of water quality and invasion of alien species. Therefore, to clarify the impacts of hydrological connectivity on ecological environment of lakes is of great significance for lake connectivity restoration. This paper first introduced the definitions and connotations of hydrological connectivity, and reviewed the effects of hydrological connectivity on hydrology and hydrodynamics, water quality and aquatic ecosystems. Then the probable paths of hydrological connectivity influencing on aquatic ecosystems were concluded that, alterations in hydrological connectivity initially induced the changes in hydrology and hydrodynamics, and subsequently acted on kinds of aquatic organisms. On the one hand, the varied hydrology and hydrodynamics directly changed the habitat area and landscapes which were related to the migration and reproduction of biological communities. On the other hand, the varied hydrology and hydrodynamics indirectly influenced not only the growth and development of certain biological community but the accumulation and transformation of pollutants in organisms by changing the water quality and sediment characteristics. In addition, the variation of certain biological community would deliver these effects to other organisms through food chains or food webs, resulting in obvious changes in the whole ecosystem. Finally the urgent problems and future studies on the issues of hydrological connectivity were summarized , including 1）enhancing related researches on the vertical connectivity, and on the transformation of lateral, longitudinal and vertical connectivity; 2）establishing a coupled model of hydrodynamics, water quality and aquatic ecosystem based on their interactive mechanism to reveal the eco-environmental effects of hydrological connectivity on lakes; 3) conducting researches on eco-environmental risks of hydrological connectivity, and further identifying the appropriate hydrological connectivity by balancing the eco-environmental and social-economic benefits, to provide scientific suggestions for policy makers.

In view of the existing problems in the sustainable water management of the North China Plain (NCP), the MIKE SHE model and SD model were adopted to set three scenarios, including business as usual, agricultural water conservation (AWC) and south-to-north water diversion project (SNWDP), to simulate the impact of AWC and SNWDP on the sustainable water management of the NCP from 2014 to 2028. The results show that :(1) the implementation of agricultural water conservation has a certain impact on the sustainable water management in the NCP. At the end of the simulation period, the water shortage index decreased by 15.8%, and the insufficient irrigation and irrigation reduction made the groundwater aquifer storage recover by 0.06 m and 0.12 m respectively; (2) SNWDP can significantly reduce water shortage index (decreasing by 50.7%) and the recovery of groundwater levels and aquifer storage appear larger (aquifer storage recovery of 1.12 m); (3) the NCP is unable to solve the problem of water shortage in the short term, but through a variety of ways, such as advocating water conservation, increasing water use efficiency and transferring water from outside area, can effectively alleviate the water shortage of the NCP and ensure the sustainable utilization and development of water resources.

The rural living space network is a social space system formed by rural residents in a certain area relying on the community node space and through the practice of daily life. Exploring its spatial structure and optimization strategy is important for understanding the connotation of rural living space and reshaping the daily life order of the village. Taking the nine community nodes cultivated in the typical rural construction area of Jianghan Plain as the research object, based on the ternary system of rural living space network, the community life quality index system is constructed, and the improved gravitation model and social network analysis method are used to describe the overall characteristics and node characteristics of the network structure, and propose a rural living space network optimization strategy. The results show that the network structure of regional rural living space is at the development stage, the network has both overall loose and local agglomeration characteristics, and the relationship between communities is strengthening. The quality of rural living space network nodes needs to be improved, and the network presents a hierarchical 3-level node system with core nodes. Although it has an irreplaceable network status, its quality needs to be improved. The structure of secondary nodes often has similarity and needs to be cultivated preferentially. The edge nodes need to enrich the internal and external connections of the network. Based on this, it is necessary to construct a rural living space network structure of “one heart, eight nodes, one axis, there areas”(community seven plays the role of “one heart” and is the growth pole of the district; “eight nodes” is the three development communities and five basic communities, which are the key nodes of the rural living space network structure; “one axis” is The development axis in the north-south direction connects the main community nodes; the “three areas” is the core area, development area and cultivation area of the optimized living space). In order to evaluate and identify the characteristics of regional network nodes, predicting and constructing a regional networked development system provides new ideas and provides a new model for network development in the rural areas of plain agricultural areas.

Based on the theory of social embeddedness, using the survey data of 615 households in Hubei province, the structural equation model was used to empirically analyze the influencing path and group differences of network embeddedness and risk perception on the adoption of green tillage technology of farmers. It was found that:(1) the proportion of farmers adopting green tillage technology was relatively small, among which the adoption rate of straw mulching technology was relatively high, while the adoption rate of deep pine, organic fertilizer and biological pesticide was slightly low.(2) Network embeddedness and risk perception have significant positive effects on farmers’ green tillage technology adoption behavior, and risk perception has mediating effects on the influence of structural embeddedness on farmers’ green tillage technology adoption behavior.(3) Compared with education level and family annual income of famers’, the actual land area operated by the family has a more obvious effect on the influence of network embeddedness on the adoption of green tillage technology of farmers. In view of this, it is suggested to actively promote the moderate scale operation of agricultural land, and encourage the establishment of green applicable technology promotion and discussion network embedded in local agricultural technology promotion stations, with big farmers as the forerunner, so as to ensure the green tillage technology to land. At the same time, the government should strengthen disaster warning and construction of field schools, strengthen farmers’ awareness of green production by publicizing education and training guidance, and guide farmers to promote green production mode.

Based on survey data from Hubei Province, this paper focused on the behavior and behavioral effects of farmers participating in village domain environmental governance, and the Heckman two-stage model was used for empirical test. The results show that whether it is the village cadres, the total family population, family annual income, family arable land area, behavioral cognition, environmental status assessment, climate change perception and government incentives are the key factors for farmers to participate in village domain environmental governance.Besides, the years of education, environmental tolerance, behavioral cognition, environmental status assessment and climate change perception have a significant impact on the effects of farmers’ environmental governance participation behavior. On these basis, so having considered about the behavioral motives of farmers who participate in environmental governance, this paper discusses the differences between the effects of active participation and passive participation with the help of Oaxaca-Blinder counterfactual decomposition method. And then trying to find the cause of the differences.  Finally, the findings reveal that both the difference in endowment and the rate of return on endowment resulted in the mean behavioral effect of active participants (3.729) being significantly higher than the mean of behavioral effects of passive participants (3.027). Among them, the differences in years of education, behavioral cognition and climate change perception are the main factors that influence the behavioral effects of active participants and passive participants.