Abstract: This article aimed to realize the development goal of “working together for greater protection rather than greater exploitation” of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, systematically analyzing the land ecological security problem is the key. This paper evaluates the land ecological security level of 110 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2006 to 2016 by constructing the DPSIR (drives-pressure-state-impact-response) model of land ecological security. On this basis, using Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) and geographic detector methods to explore evolution characteristics of land ecological security and its influencing factors, the study found that: (1) In terms of time, the level of land ecological security in the Yangtze River Economic Belt showed an obvious growth trend during 2006~2016, and the land ecological security status gradually improved; Spatially, the level of land ecological security gradually decreases from east to west, but the spatial difference is gradually narrowing; Among regions, the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River urban agglomeration have become regional hotspots of land ecological security level, and gradually spread to the periphery of urban agglomerations. (2)The land ecological security of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has significant positive spatial autocorrelation, showing agglomeration distribution characteristics: the high-value(H-H) agglomeration area is mainly distributed in the Yangtze River Delta region, and the low-value (L-L) agglomeration area is mainly distributed in parts of Hunan and Guizhou province. (3)The level of economic and social development, environmental protection, land use efficiency and the lever of urbanization are the dominant influencing factors affecting the land ecological security of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, However, there are significant differences in the leading drivers factors of different regions, which provides a theoretical basis for improving land ecological security and providing targeted policy recommendations.