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Table of Content
20 August 2019, Volume 28 Issue 08
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  • Research on the Evolution and Transfer Situation of China’s Manufacturing Industry Spatial Pattern Since the Financial Crisis
    ZHANG Yi-zheng, CAO Wei-dong, ZHANG Yu, ZHU Peng-cheng, YUAN Ting
    2019, (08):  1757-1767.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908001
    Abstract ( 625 )   Save
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    In the context of industrial transfer and transformation and upgrading, the spatial distribution and transfer of manufacturing has gradually become a hot topic in geography research. Based on the research data of China’s manufacturing industry sales value and number of employees in 2008 and 2016, the application of location entropy, hotspot analysis, Theil indices, dynamic agglomeration index and other methods to explore the evolution and transfer situation of China’s manufacturing industry spatial pattern since the financial crisis. The study found that: (1) China’s manufacturing space distribution has strong spatial and temporal heterogeneity, labor-intensive and capital-intensive manufacturing industries, technology-intensive and knowledge-intensive manufacturing industries show an obvious spatial differentiation pattern that the labor-intensive and capital-intensive manufacturing industries present a pattern of “dense in the west and sparse in the east”, but the technology-intensive and knowledge-intensive manufacturing industries present a pattern of “dense in the east and sparse in the west” respectively, and the spatial agglomeration situation of different types of manufacturing industry also have significant differences; (2) In the eastern region, the unbalanced development of most manufacturing industries, such as tobacco products and chemical fibers, are more prominent. It has a greater impact on the spatial distribution of manufacturing between inter-regional and intra-regional in China, while the central and western regions are relatively small, but there are gradually expanding trend; (3) The main body of manufacturing transfer is labor-intensive and capital-intensive manufacturing industries, the direction of transfer is from the east to the central and western regions, and the transfer level has a higher gradient. The study will help enrich the theory of spatial distribution and transfer of China’s manufacturing industry, and provide reference for the high-quality development of China’s economy and industry.
    Study of Extended Boundary Division of Construction Land Based on MCR
    YI Dan, ZHAO Xiao-min, GUO Xi, KUANG Li-hua, ZHONG Shan, XU Ting
    2019, (08):  1768-1779.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908002
    Abstract ( 427 )   Save
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    Under the background of ecological civilization construction, delimiting the boundary of construction land scientifically is the key to enhance the quality of urbanization, coordinate the relationship between people and land, and improve the urban ecological environment. This paper takes the built-up areas and ecological protection lands as two types of expansion sources based on the MCR model, constructing four resistance factor systems of nature, location, environment and policy, applying AHP to calculate the resistance coefficient of each factor, then dividing the appropriate partition of construction land according to the minimum resistance difference which obtained by the two types land expansion, and using Hydrology expansion module to determine the appropriate expansion path and isolation zone for construction land. The results showed that: (1) The closer to the extended source, the smaller the resistance valueis. The difference between the resistance values is large due to the inconsistent spatial distribution of the construction land and ecological land source. (2) The suitability of construction land for the resistance difference of the two types land expansion based on MCR model can be divided into key construction area (65 771.64 km2), optimization construction area (51 103.28 km2), restricted construction area (21 001.54 km2), and prohibited construction area (17 150.01 km2) and ecological restoration area (11 894.70 km2), different suitability divisions have different requirements for land development and construction respectively. (3) The “valley line” obtained by the Hydrology guides the optimization of development of construction land, avoids the blind “spreading pie” type of spread pattern, and the “ridge line” obtained by the Hydrology controls the expansion of the construction land, breaking the concentration of contiguous areas of suitability. The results can provide suggestions for the scientific planning and rational layout of construction land, and promote the coordinated development of urban development and environmental protection.
    Spatio-temporal Evolution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Land Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
    HUANG Lie-jia, YANG Peng
    2019, (08):  1780-1790.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908003
    Abstract ( 534 )   Save
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    This article aimed to realize the development goal of “working together for greater protection rather than greater exploitation” of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, systematically analyzing the land ecological security problem is the key. This paper evaluates the land ecological security level of 110 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2006 to 2016 by constructing the DPSIR (drives-pressure-state-impact-response) model of land ecological security. On this basis, using Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) and geographic detector methods to explore evolution characteristics of land ecological security and its influencing factors, the study found that: (1) In terms of time, the level of land ecological security in the Yangtze River Economic Belt showed an obvious growth trend during 2006~2016, and the land ecological security status gradually improved; Spatially, the level of land ecological security gradually decreases from east to west, but the spatial difference is gradually narrowing; Among regions, the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River urban agglomeration have become regional hotspots of land ecological security level, and gradually spread to the periphery of urban agglomerations. (2)The land ecological security of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has significant positive spatial autocorrelation, showing agglomeration distribution characteristics: the high-value(H-H) agglomeration area is mainly distributed in the Yangtze River Delta region, and the low-value (L-L) agglomeration area is mainly distributed in parts of Hunan and Guizhou province. (3)The level of economic and social development, environmental protection, land use efficiency and the lever of urbanization are the dominant influencing factors affecting the land ecological security of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, However, there are significant differences in the leading drivers factors of different regions, which provides a theoretical basis for improving land ecological security and providing targeted policy recommendations.
    Spatial Spillover Effects and Driving Factors of Industrial Eco-efficiency in Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomerations
    ZHANG Xin-lin, QIU Fang-dao, WANG Chang-jian, WANG Pei-shun
    2019, (08):  1791-1800.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908004
    Abstract ( 496 )   Save
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    Industrial eco-efficiency can reflect the relationship among economic development, environmental protection and resource conservation, so it is of great significance to explore the industrial ecological efficiency in Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomerations. This paper firstly calculated the industrial eco-efficiency, and then explored the spatial and temporal evolution, regional differences, spillover effects and influencing factors. Some conclusions were drawn as follows. Over 2012-2016, both the average industrial eco-efficiency and absolute difference showed increasing trend, while the change in relative difference was little. The industrial eco-efficiency showed positive spatial correlation and high-eco-efficiency ‘club’ agglomeration. The industrial eco-efficiency of eastern regions was higher. It also presented an obvious spatial spillover effect. Besides, the evolution of the industrial eco-efficiency had the characteristic of obvious path dependence. The influence of industrial structure, scientific and technological input and economic development on industrial eco-efficiency was obvious. Investment in science and technology and economic development playen a significant role in promoting the local industrial eco-efficiency, while the industrial structure was not conducive to the improvement of local industrial eco-efficiency. The improvement of local urbanization was not conducive to the improvement of industrial eco-efficiency for neighboring cities. The local investment in science and technology and economic development were conducive to the improvement of industrial ecological efficiency for neighboring cities. Strengthening cooperation among cities had an important impact on improving industrial eco-efficiency.
    Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity and Evolution Mechanism of Tourism Field Strength in Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration
    HU Mei-juan, SHEN Yi-chen, GUO Xiang-yang, DING Zheng-shan, ZHANG Yun-xiang, RUAN Ling,
    2019, (08):  1801-1810.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908005
    Abstract ( 622 )   Save
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    The field intensity model uses the concept of physics to represent the tourism influence of node cities with “tourism field intensity” with regarding cities in the urban agglomeration as “field source points”. The interaction between field source points are forming force lines with different strength and the compound field groups are formed by interaction of different force lines with superposition effect. Taking the 26 cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration as research scope and the tourism field strength(TFS) as the research object, this paper analyzed the space-time evolution pattern and formation mechanism of regional tourism field strength between 2000 and 2016 by using methods of principal component analysis, accessibility analysis, improved field strength model and geographical detector model. The results showed that: (1)The TFS in the Yangtze river delta urban agglomeration had been continuously enhancing, while its differences between cities became larger since 2000. The traffic accessibility of cities improved significantly and presented obvious “center-periphery” structure. However, the scope of center experienced from original “network” to a closely linked “block” and finally exhibited “branches” along traffic line. As the scope of periphery continuously tended to shrink, the trend of TFS towards equalization and network integration were expected. (2)The spatial pattern of TFS in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration were taking Shanghai as the core and spread along the line of “He-Ning-Hu-Hang-Yong” towards the peripheral “axis”. The growth rate of urban TFS fluctuated in the range of 10.54%~13.89% with gradually enlarge differences and a trend toward polarization. The type of urban TFS constantly evolved from low to high level and generally formed a structure of circle layer centering on high level and higher level cities. (3)The changing spatio-temporal heterogeneity pattern of regional TFS were resulted from the effect of multi-factor cycle accumulation. Specifically speaking, regional transportation advantages, tourism industry development and government policy guidance had significantly strengthening impact on the TFS, regional economic development had a stable influence on the TFS, while the impact of tourism resource endowment on the TFS tended to weaken.Exploring the spatio-temporal differences and formation mechanism of urban TFS is helpful to promote reasonable competition and cooperation in tourism, which contributes to diagnosing the short board and barriers of tourism development and providing scientific basis and practical reference for regional tourism development.
    Tourism Economic Linkage Between Shanghai and the Surrounding Toursit Sources: Analysis of Short-term Travel Types Based on Weibo Users
    WANG Lu-wei, XIA Si-you, CHU Shan-shan, WANG Su-peng, WANG Tao
    2019, (08):  1811-1822.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908006
    Abstract ( 603 )   Save
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    The data of blog post and comments from Sina Weibo users in Shanghai and its surrounding areas were collected. By using of word frequency statistics, high frequency co-occurrence network, travel features set and tourist source economic different function, short-term travel types around Shanghai were classified, to explore the coordination and acceptance between Shanghai and surrounding areas. This study may provide reasonable suggestions for the development of tourism in Shanghai through a short-term travel perspective. First, the results disclosed that there are significant differences in the frequency of different Weibo user groups travel to Shanghai, radiation, acceptance, difference and efficiency of the tourism economy between tourist source and Shanghai were also presented significant different. While, they presented consistent in a certain range. Therefore, the source of tourists around Shanghai was divided into five categories, of which Hefei, Jiaxing, Zhoushan and Nantong performed best. Second, aim to medical, cyclical business, and learning exchanges have a stable role in promoting Shanghai’s tourism economy. The costs of information and travel were lower in the cyclical business and learning exchange. Other types of costs presented “dotted” or “gradient” distribution. Furthermore, we found that the fitting curve of the road accessibility and the economic difference coefficient of the source area presented “anti-parabolic”, which has a significant positive impact on the coordination of tourist sources and Shanghai tourism economy.
    Comprehensive Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Urban Land Utilization Total Factor Productivity in Huaihai Economic Zone
    YAO Qing, SHU Bang-rong, YONG Xin-qin
    2019, (08):  1823-1832.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908007
    Abstract ( 298 )   Save
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    Based on the Malmquist index and the convergence analysis, this paper made a comprehensive evaluation on the total factor productivity (TFP) of urban land use in prefecture-level cities of the Huaihai Economic Zone in 2006-2015. Then, a Tobit model was constructed to analyze the influencing factors of TFP and its decomposition efficiency. The results are as follows: (1)The average TFP of urban land use in Huaihai economic zone fluctuated between 0.933 and 1.107 from 2006 to 2015, with an average annual growth rate of 1.9%. Both technological progress and efficiency had contributions to the TFP of urban land use, and technological progress had bigger contribution, thus it is the main driving force. From the spatial perspective, the TFP of urban land use in 16 cities increased while that in other cities decreased. In these cities, the TFP of urban land use in Shangqiu increased fastest, with an average annual increase of 7.9%, while the TFP of urban land use in Kaifeng declined fastest with an average annual rate of 7.5%. (2)The convergence results show that the TFP of urban land use has the σ convergence and absolute β convergence, however, there is no relative convergent in β condition. Meanwhile, improvement on the level of land marketization can promote the TFP of urban land toward its steady state level, but the spatial structure of urban land has an inhibitory effect on it. (3)As for the influencing factors, different factors have different influences on the TFP and its decomposition efficiency. For example, population density has positive effects on the technical efficiency, while the urban spatial structure has an inhibitory effect on both the technical efficiency and the technological progress. The foreign investment has an inhibitory effect on TFP and the technological progress of urban land use, while the level of land marketization has a positive effect on them. It is proposed that in order to improve the efficiency of urban land use in Huaihai economic zone, it is necessary for the local governments to encourage technological innovation and to take measures to improve the technological progress at the same time. Meanwhile, the local governments should also take measures to improve the level of land marketization and the relationship between people and land, avoid the risk of foreign investment and optimize the spatial structure of urban land use.
    Research on the Functional Zoning and Regulation of Jiangsu Province’s Territorial Space Based on the “Production-living-ecological” Function
    LI Xin, YIN Ru-meng, FANG Bin, LI Zai-jun, WANG Dan,
    2019, (08):  1833-1846.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908008
    Abstract ( 877 )   Save
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    Land use mode has entered a transitional period as new urbanization advances, and an in-depth analysis of land use versatility can provide theoretical support for scientific land use layout.Taking 55 counties in Jiangsu Province as the research object, the three-dimensional functional recognition system of land-based space was constructed from the three dimensions of production-life-ecology. The spatial pattern characteristics of the “production-living-ecological” function in the county of Jiangsu Province were analyzed by means of GIS spatial analysis and spatial econometric model. It was a way that combing geo-detector with bivariate spatial autocorrelation method to reveal the mechanism of action, and optimization strategies proposed based on the difference of dominant functions.The results showed:(1)The spatial distribution of production-life-ecological function land in Jiangsu Province was obvious, showing that production space dominated by Nanjing, Suzhou and Wuxi city, ecological space surrounded by Hongze Lake, coastal and closed to the mountain and the agglomeration characteristics of living space centered on towns and cities.(2)The regional economic development level, living carrying capacity and ecological factors jointly drived the spatial pattern of the “Sansheng” function. There were obviously intensity differences and spatial heterogeneity among the influencing factors. The four types of influencing mechanisms listed as economic development-life carrying influence, ecological conservation-life promotion influence, agriculture Production-life development restriction, economic development-life bearing restriction were different and appeared from southeast to northwest.(3)On the one hand, according to characteristics of strength, weakness,primary and secondary in different spaces of three dimensions features of production, life and ecology determined the four functional areas,which respectively was production-life domination function area, production dominated with life promoted function area, ecological dominated with production restricted function area and production function dominated with ecological cultivated funtction area. On the other hand, through strengthening production living function cohesion and conservation ecological function as the main line of logic, finally corresponding land use strategies summarized.The research results not only clarify the land use function location of every county unit in Jiangsu Province, but also provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for optimizing the main function zoning and rationally regulating the regional functional structure, and also provide a scientific basis for improving the capacity of regional sustainable development.
    Process and the Mechanism of Urbanization and Real Estate Development Coordination: A Case Study of Wujin New Town, Changzhou
    CHEN Hao, MA Zhi-fei, FENG Can-fang, LIU Chun-hui
    2019, (08):  1847-1859.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908009
    Abstract ( 566 )   Save
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    The paper adopts the coupling degree model to measure the coordination between urbanization and real estate development to decode the coordination process and mechanism of these two fields in Wujin New District, Changzhou, from 2006 to 2016. The result shows that the coordination between urbanization and real estate development in Wujin is improved overally. However, the process of improvement is never smooth but can be divided into three stages according to the structure and mechanism of coordination between urbanization and real estate development. In the first stage (2006-2010), the coordination and interaction between real estate development and land urbanization sits the lead; while in the second stage (2011-2015), the coordination and interaction between real estate development and population urbanization run the frontier and become the lead; in the third stage (since 2016), the coordination between urbanization and real estate development is improved, but the improvement rate converges towards zero. This means the coordination between urbanization and real estate is facing the “trap of stagnation”. To facilitate higher coordination, the paper suggests to change the partial coordination and development strategy extensively employed by local governments in the past two decades, and a more systemic coordination strategy among population urbanization, land development, industrial development, provision of public services, and real estate development is needed. 
    Spatio-temporal Analysis of Economic Development and Influence Factors at Town Level in Anhui Province
    WEI Jian-fei, CHENG Di, DING Zhi-wei, LI Yan-fei, ZHANG Hao,
    2019, (08):  1860-1871.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj20198010
    Abstract ( 752 )   PDF (6548KB) ( 114 )   Save
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    Based on the per capita fiscal revenue data of 1244 towns, using the comprehensive methods, the spatio-temporal characteristics and its influencing factors of the economic development at town level in Anhui Province was analyzed. The results were shown as follows. Firstly, from the internal differences, the imbalance index first rose and then declined, indicating that the degree of internal differences had decreased recently, but from the perspective of spatial imbalance, the overall difference was larger between the north and south. In detail, it was high between Huangshan and Xuancheng whereas low at Fuyang and Bozhou. Secondly, from the perspective of the Zip index, the concentration of economic development was gradually weakening, but the development speed of large towns was still outstanding. Thirdly, from the perspective of spatial interpolation, there were two major groups of the high-value regions. One was concentrated in the southern part and gradually expanded to the north, but it had been reduced in 2016. The other had formed a “beads” throughout the north and south, and the beads gradually expanded and then disappeared. The median regions were distributed in the middle of the central region. The low-valued regions were distributed in the northwest and northeast, and the northwestern region gradually expanded to the south whereas the northeast region gradually decreased. Fourthly, from the perspective of spatial differentiation, four distinct types of regions existed and were dominated by significant HH regions and significant LL regions. The significant HH regions were mainly distributed in Huangshan, Chizhou and Xuancheng in the southeast of Anhui. The significant LL regions were mainly distributed in Fuyang and Bozhou, and its range was expanded and gradually extended southward. The number of significant HL regions and significant LH regions were small and its agglomeration phenomenon was not obvious. Fifthly, from the influencing factors, the impact of the average value of the regression coefficient from large to small was the proportion of the population in the built-up regions, resident population, employees, the proportion of employees in the second and third industries, administrative regions, built-up regions proportion, industrial added value, per capita industrial output and average industrial output value.
    Study on Spatio-temporal Trends of the Green Development of Huangshan City in Anhui Province
    HUANG Su-zhen, LU Yang, YANG Xiao-ying, LI Xiao-gang
    2019, (08):  1872-1885.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908011
    Abstract ( 473 )   Save
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    Based on the Anhui Province Green Development Index System as well as local economic, social and environmental characteristics, a new green development assessment system was established for the Huangshan city including six first-level and 33 second-level indicators. The analytic hierarchy method based on group decision making was then used to calculate the weight of each indicator. The spatiotemporal trends and characteristics of the green development of the Huangshan City as well as its 7 counties and districts were evaluated based on statistics from 2004 to 2016. Finally, Principal Component Analysis and Clustering Analysis were used to determine the dominant factors leading to the spatiotemporal differences in the green development of Huangshan City and its counties and districts. Study results have shown that due to the improvement in ecological protection and growth quality, there had been an overall increasing trend in the green development of Huangshan City and its counties and districts between 2004 and 2016. Secondly, there had been much spatiotemporal variation in the green development of the counties and districts of Huangshan City. The dominant factors leading to the variations in the green development of the counties and districts of the Huangshan City in 2016 included land use and land cover, resource use efficiency, and pollutant emissions. Thirdly, there had been limited progress in resource utilization, environmental governance, and green living in Huangshan City from 2004 to 2016. Therefore, it is suggested that Huangshan City should put improving energy and water use efficiency, cutting energy consumption, reducing pollutant emissions, and promoting green commuting in priority to push its green development process in the near future.
    Temporal and Spatial Dynamic Evolution and Influencing Factors of Tourism Efficiency in Hunan Province Based on DEA-Malmquist Model
    WANG Zhao-feng, ZHAO Song-song
    2019, (08):  1886-1897.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908012
    Abstract ( 468 )   Save
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    Quality and efficiency improvement of tourism industry is one of the important issues in tourism science researches under the new normal of China’s economy. Based on DEA-Malmquist index secondary decomposition model and variable coefficient fixed effect regression model, this paper explores the spatio-temporal dynamics, influencing factors and formation mechanism of tourism industry’s efficiency from 2001 to 2016 in Hunan Province. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The efficiency of tourism industry in 14 cities and municipalities in Hunan Province was improving gradually. The main performance is that the scale efficiency drove comprehensive efficiency to realize optimized development, the total factor productivity increased at an average annual rate of 10.9%, and the intensive management level of tourism industry has been improved rapidly. (2) The efficiency and its decomposition of tourism industry present obvious characteristics of concentric agglomeration feature and distance attenuation phenomenon; the pure technical efficiency presents more significant spatial structure of “core-periphery”. (3) The five factors such as government macro-control, informatization level and opening degree have more extensive and significant positive effects on the efficiency of tourism industry than other elements. The influencing factors exist with obvious intensity difference and spatial heterogeneity as well as different compound mode and complexity level. Consequently, there is a significant spatial differentiation characteristic of tourism industry’s efficiency in Hunan province. Generally, the low-gradient districts of the tourism industry’s efficiency are relatively less interacted by complicated elements while the density and intensity of complex factors in the high-gradient districts are more complicated.
    Multi-time Scale Teleconnection Analysis of Monthly Precipitation in the Yangtze River Basin Based on the EEMD
    LI Jia-jia, HE Xin-guang, LU Xi-an,
    2019, (08):  1898-1908.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908013
    Abstract ( 431 )   Save
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    In order to analyze the periodic characteristics and long-term trend of monthly precipitation in the Yangtze River Basin, the monthly precipitation time series at each of stations was decomposed by the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) based on the monthly precipitation observations at 138 meteorological stations during 1961-2016 in the basin. Then, the lag-time correlation analysis and stepwise variable selection were employed to identify the significant climate factors impacting the periodic oscillations and long-term trend of monthly precipitation. Finally, using the identified large-scale climate factors as the forecasting variables of monthly precipitation, the multivariate linear regression model was established at each station for predicting monthly precipitation at that station. The results are as follows: (1) In the last 50 years, the monthly precipitation in the Yangtze River Basin exhibits remarkable seasonal, interannual and interdecadal oscillations. (2) There exists a large spatial difference in the long-term change trend of monthly precipitation at the different stations in the basin. The Jinsha River, the Yalong River, the Dadu River and the Poyang Lake Basin are covered mainly by a significantly increasing long-term trend of monthly precipitation, while a significantly decreasing long-term trend of monthly precipitation occurs mainly the middle reaches of the Minjiang River and the southern part of the Dongting Lake basin. (3) The average sea surface temperature over El Nio 1+2 area (NINO1+2) is a dominated climatic factor influencing the periodic oscillations of monthly precipitation, while the global mean temperature anomaly (GlobalT) is an important climatic factor impacting the long-term trend of monthly precipitation in the Yangtze River Basin. (4) The built monthly precipitation prediction model based on the identified climate factors has higher prediction performance in winter dry season than the summer rainy season, and in the upper reaches than the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin.
    Preliminary Analysis of the Fish Larvae and Eggs and the Effects of the Eco-operation of Cascade Reservoirs on Fish Propagation in the Lower Hanjiang River
    WANG Deng-qiang, GAO Lei , DUAN Xin-bin, CHEN Da-qing, MENG Qiu, , LIU Shao-ping
    2019, (08):  1909-1917.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908014
    Abstract ( 514 )   Save
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    The Hanjiang River is a tributary of the Yangtze River, where the fish resources are rich. At present, there are four dams having been constructed in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River, which have greatly influenced on fish migration and reproduction. In order to promote fish propagation in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River, the combined eco-operation of cascade reservoirs was firstly carried out in June 2018. In this study, we set up a monitoring station in Hanchuan, locating in the lower Hanjiang River, to capture the fish larvae and eggs. Our aims were to study the species diversity and abundance of fish early life resource and the effects of eco-operation on the fish reproduction in the lower Hanjiang River. The results revealed that thirty-six fish species or genus were identified from the captured larvae and eggs, twenty-two of which produced drifting egg. The total quantity of fish larvae and egg was 11.878 billion, with 11.378 billion of larvae and 0.55 billion of egg. The total quantity of four domestic Chinese carps’ larvae and egg were estimated to be 87 million and accounted for 0.73 percent of total larvae and egg. Four spawning grounds of four domestic Chinese carps in the lower river were deduced according to the development time of fish egg and water velocity. During the combined ecol-operation of cascade reservoirs of the Hanjiang River, a spawning peak was found in the lower reaches and the egg abundance of the peak accounted for 34.1 percent. A spawning peak of the four Chinese farmed carps was also detected in this period and the egg abundance accounted for 85.5 percent of all captured these fishes’ egg. It indicated that eco-operation of cascade reservoirs had a positive effect on fish reproduction activities in the lower Hanjiang River, especially for the four domestic Chinese carps. We suggested that ecol-operation should be continuely scheduled and the monitoring works and data analysis should be focused in the future.
    Land Scale, Tenure Security and Adoption of Organic Fertilizer of Farmer: A Mediation and Moderated Model
    LI Zhao-liang , LUO Xiao-feng , QIU Wen-wen
    2019, (08):  1918-1928.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908015
    Abstract ( 415 )   Save
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    Based on the investigation of farmers in Hubei and Shandong province, this paper explored the influential effect of land scale on farmer’s adoption of organic fertilizer, analyzed the moderating effect of tenure security, and discussed the mechanism through which land scale affect farmer’s adoption of organic fertilizer. Results showed that: (1)Land scale has positive effect on farmers’ organic fertilizer application. (2)Tenure security moderates the effect of land scale on farmers’ organic fertilizer application. (3)Cognition and ability of organic fertilizer application are mediating variables in the land scale-farmers’ organic fertilizer application relationship. (4)The mediating effect of ability of organic fertilizer application is larger than that of cognition of organic fertilizer application. This study enriches the theoretical interpretation of economic behavior in classical economics, and provides suggestions for motivating farmer’s adoption of organic fertilizer.
    Study on the Effect of Family Life Cycle on Farmers’Farmland Transfer Behavior——An Empirical Analysis Based on Survey Data of Farmers in Qinba Mountain Area
    YE Zi, CAI Jie, CHEN Yuan, XIA Xian-li
    2019, (08):  1929-1937.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908016
    Abstract ( 316 )   Save
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    According to the connotation and extension of family life cycle theory, 456 micro-samples in Shaanxi area of Qinba Mountain Area were used to analyze the impact of family life cycle on farmers’ farmland transfer behavior by using statistical analysis and Heckman two-stage model. The conclusions are as follows: the family life cycle has a significant impact on the farmer's farmland transfer behavior. Furthermore, the influencing factors of rural family land transfer at different stages of life cycle are different. From the perspective of human capital,a good labor health condition is not conducive to the participation of families in the support period in the conversion of farmland. Non-agricultural employment rate has a significant positive impact on family participation in farmland transfer during the dependence period and the burden period. From the perspective of farmers' perception, restricting the use of farmland, understanding the inflow side, the promotion of the village committee and the government-led transfer have increased the possibility of farmers transferring farmland at different stages to varying degrees. For families with more non-agricultural employment opportunities during the dependence period and the burden period, the confirmation of farmland rights promotes the transfer of farmland and the work of migrant workers by strengthening the stability of land rights. Therefore, when implementing the farmland transfer policy in practice, accurate farmland transfer incentives should be adopted to differentiate households with different life cycles.
    Remote Sensing Monitoring of Tidal Flat Changes Near the Radial Sand Ridges in Jiangsu Coastal Zone
    ZHANG Yuan-yuan, GAO Zhi-qiang, SONG De-bin, LI Dong-xue, NING Ji-cai
    2019, (08):  1938-1946.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908017
    Abstract ( 334 )   Save
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    As the dynamic reserve land resource, tidal flats contain significant value in both ecology and economy. In order to delineate the extent of tidal flats at a large-scale by remote sensing technology, the Radial Sand Ridges (RSR) near the coastal area of Jiangsu Province was selected as the study area. Muti-temporal satellite images, which included Chinese HJ-1A/1B and Landsite series satellite images, were used as the data source. Then, the outermost waterline method was conducted to map tidal flats of the RSR from 2009 to 2017. Finally, the spatiotemporal dynamic change analysis was implemented. The results showed that from 2009 to 2017, tidal flats of the RSR decreased by 219.83 km2, a loss of 8.7%. From 2009 to 2014, the area of the tidal flats increased by 8.35 km2. While, from 2014 to 2017, tidal flats in the RSR declined by 228.88 km2, with a loss of 9.18%. Tidal flats in the northern and southern part of the RSR showed the trend of erosion. Additionally, tidal flats in the inner and the middle part of the RSR flushed and silted alternatively. Our method enables to quickly monitor tidal flats with complex geomorphology and large scale, providing data reference for rational development and utilization of tidal flat resource in Jiangsu Province. 
    Analysis of Evolution Process and Driving Factors for Aquatic Vegetations of Poyang Lake in 30 Years
    HU Zhen-peng, LIN Yu-ru
    2019, (08):  1947-1955.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908018
    Abstract ( 432 )   Save
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    Based on scientific exploration in 1983 and 2013, the data of wetland vegetation were collected and analyzed. In the last 30 years, aquatic vegetations of Poyang Lake were in a slowly degenerative process, the conclusion shown that: (1) compared with the 1983, the area of submersed aquatic vegetations in 2013 were decreased significantly, submersed aquatic vegetations were decreased by 37.72%, water caltrop was decreased by 87.6%; (2) community structure was simplified, community species were decreased from 5-8 to 3-5, dominant species were changed from Potamogeton wrightii Morong to Vallisneria sp.; (3)the biodiversity and biomass in unit area was decreased. The main reasons for the degeneration were following as: (1) long duration of low water lever reduced the living space for aquatic vegetations; (2) habitat of submerged aquatic vegetation were deteriorated by increasing concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus; (3) growing of submerged aquatic vegetation were disturbed by flood, flood might as a turning point for succession of submerged aquatic vegetation; (4) submerged aquatic vegetation were influenced by human reactivity. To contain the degenerative evolution and maintain the health of wetland vegetation ecosystem, human activities should be controlled, making Poyang Lake to be rehabilitated.
    Characteristics Analysis of Runoff and Sediment Variation in Danjiang River Watershed
    XU Jin-xin, DING Wen-feng, LIN Qing-ming
    2019, (08):  1956-1964.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908019
    Abstract ( 353 )   Save
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    Danjiang River basin is the important water source of south-to-north water transfer project. Affected by various factors, the runoff discharge and sediment load have changed greatly in recent years. Understanding the discharge and sediment variation is great significance for water resource management and soil and water conservation policy implementation. Based on the runoff and suspended load sediment discharge data during the 1958-2015 periods in Jingziguan hydrological station, runoff and suspended load sediment discharge variation characteristics were studied by using of the non-parametric Mann-Kendall trend test, sliding t test. The occurrence of abrupt changes was detected using double mass curve method. The controlling factors of runoff and suspended load sediment discharge were also identified in this paper. The trend test results represent that the annual runoff and sediment load have decreased significantly. It was in a period of rich runoff and rich sediment before 1972 and from 1982 to 1989, and in a period of low runoff and low sediment from 1972 to 1981 and from 1990 to 2015. The abrupt change years of runoff and sediment were in 1983 and 1989 respectively. We used quantitative method to separate out the effects of climate change (rainfall) and human activities on changes in runoff and sediment discharge. Climate change was estimated to account for 41.2%, whereas human activities accounted for 58.8%. Human activities appear to have played a more prominent role compared to rainfall (climate change) to suspended load sediment discharge.
    Research on Spatial Disparity and Breeding Environment Characteristics of Oncomelania hupensis in Plain Lakes: A Case Study in Gongan County of Hubei Province, China
    PAN Fang-jie, WANG Hong-zhi, WANG Lu-yao, LI Ren-dong, QIU Juan
    2019, (08):  1965-1976.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908020
    Abstract ( 331 )   Save
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    Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that threatens human health and impedes socioeconomic development in the Oncomelania hupensis endemic areas. Oncomelania is the only intermediate host of schistosoma japonicum, and therefore to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution patterns of Oncomelania and their influencing factors is of vital importance for Schistosomiasis control. Hubei province has long suffered from the threat of the Schistosomiasis. This paper selected Gongan county, which is a typical Oncomelania hupensis endemic area, to study spatial disparity of Oncomelania density with the methods of spatial autocorrelation analysis and grouping analysis. The stepwise regression, geographically weighted regression and Geodetector models were used to analyze the influencing factors of Oncomelania’s density, followed with the discussion of the spatial heterogeneity and the interaction between the influencing factors. The results are as follows: (1) The incidence of Oncomelania density in Gongan county clusters spatially, forming two hot spots. Based on the Oncomelania density degree and the spatial connectivity, the county can be divided into low Oncomelania density area, mid Oncomelania density area and high Oncomelania density area. (2) The major influencing factors of the Oncomelania density in Gongan county include population density, water network density, the ratio of paddy, the NDVI of spring and autumn. The influencing effects of all factors display spatial heterogeneity. The NDVI of autumn is negatively correlated with the Oncomelania density while the other factors display positive correlations with the Oncomelania density. (3) From the perspective of the whole study area, the interactions of each two factors display nonlinear enhancement - that is the influence of two factors is stronger than a single factor. From the perspective of the Oncomelania's density type, the interaction between two factors displays bi-factor enhancement and nonlinear enhancement in mid Oncomelania density area and high Oncomelania density area, while the interaction modes of two factors display nonlinear enhancement in low Oncomelania density area. This research can provide decision support for the prevention and control of Oncomelania snails and schistosomiasis in Jianghan plain and even the whole province.
    Dynamics of Forest Ecosystem Services Before and After Dam Construction in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area
    CHU Xin-lei, LI Le, ZENG Li-xiong, HUANG Zhi-lin, LIU Chang-fu, XIAO Wen-fa
    2019, (08):  1977-1986.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908021
    Abstract ( 313 )   Save
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    Based on the six issues of Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI image data, the dynamic variations of forestry ecosystem service values in Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) from 1990 to 2015 was analyzed by using the ecosystem service function evaluation specification and GIS spatial statistical method. The results showed that the forest area and forest coverage rate of the TGRA increased annually. The forest area growth rate was 71.04%, and the forest coverage rate increased from 31.27% to 53.48%. The structure of overall forest type was relatively stable, which was characterized by coniferous forest > mixed forest > shrub forest > broad-leaved forest. The value of forest ecosystem services in the TGRA showed an upward trend on a timescale, growth characterized by “quick, slow, quick”. The average forest ecosystem service value in the TRGA showed a local negative growth feature trend under the overall growth trend. Different types of forests had the value trend as that of the TRGA, which showed the variation characteristics of “increase, decrease, increase”. Contribution of different ecosystem service in the TGRA ranked as follows: water conservation> carbon fixation and oxygen released > biodiversity conservation > soil conservation> atmosphere environmental purification > nutrient accumulation > action of forest against natural calamities. From 1990 to 2015, the geographical distribution of forest ecosystem service of the TGRA was along the Wuxi - Wulong line in a spatial scale, which was higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest. From 1990 to 2015, the variation range of forest ecosystem service value of the TGRA had grown rapidly in west while slowly in east.
    Life Community Health Evaluation of Mountains, Rivers, Forests, Farmland and Lakes——Taking Hongfeng Lake as an Example
    LV Si-si, SU Wei-ci, ZHAO Wei-quan, JIA Min
    2019, (08):  1987-1997.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908022
    Abstract ( 440 )   Save
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    It can provide reference for community restoration to master the health situation of life community of mountains, rivers, forests, farmland and lakes. This paper, taking the Hongfeng lake as the research object, established SC model which defined as HI (ecosystem health) = V·O·R to evaluate the health of life community. 27 index levels in the evaluation system were set by referring to international and national industry standards, relevant literatures, while some indexes without clear standards were defined by standardized or natural break method. And the weightiness of the index system was confirmed by the AHP method. The results showed that: (1) the health of life community in research area belongs to a sub-health state, (2) the H index was lowest due to hundred-year drought in 2010, (3) there was a correlation between the basic state index of mountains and come indexes of other subsystem state, (4) the basic state (S) index of life community was related to the intensity of forests and lakes, and (5) the increase of H index was attributed to the improvement of the basic state of the lake from 2005 to 2015. In conclusion, the main factors affecting the health of the life community were identified as topography and geomorphology, extreme rainfall, water conservancy projects and ecological protection measures. Finally, some suggestions were given on health maintenance of life community from five aspects of protection of key lakes, optimization of the ecological environment of reservoirs, implementation of flood control and drought resistance water conservancy projects, development and construction of key industrial areas and the treatment of water and soil loss.

    Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Historical Flood Disasters in Jiangsu Province
    GE Yun-jian, WU Xiao-han
    2019, (08):  1998-2007.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908023
    Abstract ( 1023 )   Save
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    Based on the historical flood documents and records from Han dynasty to Qing dynasty, this paper studies the characteristics of frequency and spatial distribution of the historical flood in Jiangsu province, and then it discusses the influence factors which affect the frequency and distribution. The conclusions can be drawn as follows. Firstly, the flood in historical period almost happened in summer and autumn, so this paper thinks that the abnormal precipitation for a long time, tide disaster caused by tropical cyclone and El Nino events are the main reasons for flood in Jiangsu province. Secondly, the flood frequency in Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty was higher than any other times. Human activities is one of main reasons which caused the flood. Thirdly, the flood frequency in Lixiahe plain, Taihu plain and the region along the Yangtze River were higher than other areas. Because these three areas are all flatness plain that is lower than its surroundings. With the Yangzi Delta developing, the tide effect became weakened, so the flood in the region along the Yangtze River in Ming and Qing dynasty decreased. Before Yuan dynasty the Taihu plain was the area where the flood was serious but after Ming dynasty the most serious area had moved to Lixiahe plain. The reason for the change is the population in Taihu plain was exploded in Song dynasty, people changed the water area into farmland which caused the water area decreased and the flood cannot flow into the sea quickly, so the flood happened frequently. After Ming dynasty the rivers were dredged for several times, so the flood can flow efficiently. The Yellow river which carries numerous sands changed its route in 1128AD; it caused almost the sands settled down in Subei plain especial Lixiahe plain. This area became the flood corridor. 

    Regional Frequencies and Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Extreme Precipitation Over Yangtze River Basin
    HU Si, ZENG Yi, WANG Lei, HE Xin-guang,
    2019, (08):  2008-2018.  doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201908024
    Abstract ( 634 )   Save
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    Based on the observed daily precipitation during 1965-2014 at 130 meteorological stations of the Yangtze river basin, the regional frequencies and spatio-temporal characteristics of extreme precipitation were analyzed by using the L-moments approach, statistical tests and spatial analysis techniques. The results are as follows. (1) The annual maximum 1-, 3-, 7- and 10-day precipitation sequences of the Yangtze River basin can be divided into seven homogeneous sub-regions by fuzzy c-mean classification together with heterogeneity test. The results of Goodness-of-fit measure showed that the GEV and GNO distributions are the optimal distributions for most of the regional extreme precipitation sequences. (2)The accuracy of the extreme precipitation growth curve and quantile estimates was evaluated by using Monte Carlo simulations with inter-station dependence, and the results showed that the root-mean-square errors (RMSE) were bigger and the 90% error bounds were wider with inter-site dependence than those without inter-site dependence for both the regional growth curve and quantile estimates. (3) The regional growth curves with 90% error bands for each homogeneous region showed that the quantile estimates are reliable enough for return periods of less than 100 years, which indicated that extreme precipitation events are highly probable to occur in the middle and lower Yangtze river basin and Szechwan Basin, and hence higher risk of floods. (4) The spatial patterns of annual extreme daily precipitation with return period of 100 years indicated that extreme rainfall increased gradually from the upper reaches to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, showing higher risks of floods in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which was consistent with the regional growth curves.
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