Abstract: Based on data from 285 cities in China from 2003 to 2016，the impact mechanism of human capital and technological innovation on environmental pollution was discussed. The main research conclusions are as follows：（1）Human capital and technological innovation can significantly reduce environmental pollution；（2）Human capital and technological innovation have synergistic effects on environmental pollution. Under the influence of human capital，technological innovation shows a clear pollution reduction effect. Under the influence of technological innovation, human capital also shows a clear decontamination effect；（3）human capital and technological innovation cross the respective thresholds，the synergy effect of the two will be enhanced，and the pollution reduction effect will be more obvious；（4）human capital and technology The impact of innovation on environmental pollution is achieved through three types of intermediary channels：“industrial cleansing effect”，“foreign cleansing effect”and“financial cleansing effect”. The conclusions of this paper provide useful reference for the treatment of environmental pollution in China.