Abstract: Based on the survey data of rural households in the contiguous area of Liupan Mountain, the paper comprehensively considers the bias and heterogeneity of sample selection, and analyzes the transfer decision to the household poverty index and the per income. The results show that: 52.97% of households participated in the transfer of agricultural land. The land transfer can significantly reduce the multidimensional poverty index of peasant households. Through further counterfactual hypothesis research, it was found that if the households who rent out the land do not rent out of farmland, the household’s multidimensional poverty index will increase by 22.16%. If the non-transferred households have the opportunity to rent out the land, the household’s multidimensional poverty index will drop by 30.22%. Although land transfer can reduce the family’s multidimensional poverty index, it is constrained by the ideological consciousness of relying on the land for the livelihood. Concentrated farmers in contiguous destitute areas cannot make reasonable decisions.