Abstract: Abstract：Soil carbon pool plays a decisive role in maintaining the carbon balance of the ecosystem, and soil organic carbon is an indispensable part of the carbon pool in nature. Therefore, the study of soil organic carbon is of great significance for the carbon balance of the global ecosystem. This paper uses semi-variance function and kriging interpolation to analyze the vertical characteristics and spatial differentiation of mountain soil organic carbon, and uses geographical detector to conduct correlation analysis on the environmental factors affecting the distribution of soil organic carbon based on the measured data of soil organic carbon in Baotianman. The results showed that: ① the soil organic carbon of Baotianman is between 0.31 and 7.7 g/kg, which is a low level. The highest value (7.70 g/kg) appears at 987 m of the north slope; ② for different soil depth of semivariance function model, 0-20 cm and 40-60 cm of gaussian model fitting effect is more apparent, 20-40 cm of the spherical model fitting effect is good, and the linear model for 60-80 cm and 80-100-cm soil depth better fitting effect. Kriging interpolation showed that the depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm share similar space differentiation characteristics，increasing from the southwest to the northeast, and 40 to 60 cm around space differentiation in soil organic carbon is low in the southwest and high in the northeast;③ different soil depths in Baotianman are influenced by a single environmental factor in a different degree. The explanatory power is between 0.127 to 0.407, in which the NDVI shows the most significant explanatory power of soil organic carbon (0.407) in soil depth between 0-20 cm and elevation in soil depth between 40-60 cm (0.373). Interaction detection results show that the NDVI and slope explanatory power topped the list, elevation and and other factors increased significantly after interaction detection, indicating that soil organic carbon in Baotianman is influenced by many environmental factors, rather than a single factor.