Abstract: The ecological restoration effect was comprehensively evaluated in Baoji area from three stages, the first two stages during and after the implementation of the first round of returning farmland to forest (grass) project(2001-2008, 2013-2013), and the stage during the implementation of the second round of returning farmland to forest project(2014-2017), which provide a targeted theoretical reference for the improvement and implementation of the subsequent national ecological restoration policy. Based on the Rainfall Use Efficiency (RUE) model and integrated climate, land use/cover and optical remote sensing, this study explores the impact of natural and anthropogenic drivers on vegetation restoration by the use of isolated human intervention (increasing/decreasing). The results show that: (1) Since 2001, the area of afforestation area in Baoji has shown an increasing trend across the region (83%). After the implementation of the first round of returning farmland to forest (grass) project, the area of vegetation improvement was 83.32%, and the improvement of forest vegetation (between 0.64-0.67) was the best; (2) summer artificial intervention area has the largest precipitation and the lowest RUE value. The increase of RUE in spring was the most significant, and the decrease of RUE in summer was the most significant; (3) The Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and RUE showed positive correlations in 2001-2008, 2009-2013 and 2014-2017, respectively. ∑EVI grows at a rate of 0.148/a, 0.029/a, and 0.143/a, respectively; (4) The annual average RUE (0.40, 0.43) of the decrease in human intervention (2001-2008, 2013-2013) was less than the RUR (0.48, 0.46) of the increase in human intervention, and the RUE value of human intervention reduction (0.54) is greater than the value of human intervention (0.51) in 2014-2017. On spatial and temporal scale, it can be seen that human intervention can promote significant improvement of vegetation in a short time, but the climatic factors have long-term effects on the vegetation coverage in Baoji.