Abstract: Nonpoint source pollution control of cultivated land is not only an important measure to build a beautiful China and a beautiful countryside in the new era, but also a necessary link to improve the quality of cultivated land, ensure the sustainable development of regional agricultural production and achieve ecological health. Firstly, this study theoretically analyzed the willingness and behavior mechanism of farmers to participate in the control of nonpoint source pollution of cultivated land based on theory of planned behavior and then used the binary logistic model and principal component analysis to conduct an empirical test on the household survey data of Xiangyin County that is a main grain producing county on the south bank of Dongting Lake.The results indicated that, only 61.29% of the surveyed farmers were willing to participate in the control of nonpoint source pollution of cultivated land in investigation region; degree of increase in economic benefits from participation in nonpoint source pollution control, improve the surrounding environment from participation in nonpoint source pollution control, influences of agricultural technicians, energy and ability to participate in nonpoint source pollution control, once or now a village cadre all had a significant positive impact on farmers' willingness to participate in nonpoint source pollution control of cultivated land; however, farmer's age had a significant negative impact on farmers' willingness to participate in nonpoint source pollution control of cultivated land. In view of the above, in the process of nonpoint source pollution control of cultivated land, the local government should strengthen the policy propaganda and agricultural technicians' technical guidance of nonpoint source pollution control of cultivated land, give full play to the exemplary role of village cadres, strengthen the awareness of farmers as the main body in the control of nonpoint source pollution of cultivated land, promote farmers' self-efficiency and social responsibility, effectively safeguard the interests of farmers, guide farmers to actively participate in nonpoint source pollution control of cultivated land and build beautiful-ecological Dongting Lake.