Abstract: Under the influences of climate change and human activities, the ecological environment of Honghu wetland has undergone profound changes since the 1950s. Based on the monitoring results of many years, the current situation of plant diversity and vegetation in Honghu wetland was analyzed. It was considered that the overdevelopment of the littoral zone, the barrier of rivers and lakes, the frequent occurrence of drought and flood, the eutrophication of water bodies and the flood of invasive species may be the prominent problems affecting the plant diversity protection of Honghu wetland. Therefore, some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward, such as restoring the lakeshore wetland, implementing water system connectivity, optimizing water resources regulation, improving water quality and actively controlling invasive species. At the same time, it is believed that the natural hydrological relationship of the rivers and lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is an important basis for maintaining the regional aquatic plant diversity. It is necessary to pay attention to the restoration of river and lake wetlands within the basin, improve the plant diversity of river and lake wetlands, restore the connection of water system in natural hydrological process, and form a river and lake network for the protection of diversity, so as to lay a foundation for the maintenance of plant diversity in the basin.