Abstract: The aim of the study was to explore the methane oxidation processes in the soil of riparian wetland zone. The role of different electron acceptors in differentiating the methane oxidation potentials and the key microbial players under oxygen-deficiency condition were also determined. The soil collected from the riparian wetland zone of the Jialing River was chosen to reveal the soil methane oxidation rates under aerobic and oxygen-deficiency condition, and the impacts of electron acceptors (NO3-, SO42-, ferrihydrite, goethite) on the methane oxidation rates and the key methane oxidation microorganisms. The microcosm experiment coupled with high-throughput sequencing and chemical analysis was employed in this study. The results showed that the methane oxidation rate under aerobic condition was significantly higher than that under oxygen-deficiency condition (P<0.05). The addition of NO3-, SO42-, and ferrihydrite significantly stimulated the methane oxidation under oxygen-deficiency condition. The order of the stimulation extent was as follows: NO3-≈ferrihydrite > SO42-. In contrast, the addition of the goethite inhibited the methane oxidation. In parallel, the concentration of the electron acceptors NO3-, SO42- decreased with the methane oxidation (P<0.05), and the Fe(Ⅱ) content increased with the methane oxidation under oxygen-deficiency condition. The content changes of all the electron significantly correlated with the methane concentration. Methylocystis (accounting for 37.03% of the total methanotrophs) and Methylomicrobium (27.36%) were the dominant methane oxidizers under the aerobic condition. The aerobic methane oxidizers Methylomonas (39.60%) and Methylocystis (21.78%)were the key methane oxidizers under oxygen-deficiency condition. The addition of NO3-significantly stimulated the growth of Methylobacter (16.25%), whereas the addition of SO42-and Fe(Ⅲ) stimulated the growth of Methylomonas. The result of the network analysis revealed that 50% of core microorganisms were potentially involved in the biochemical cycle of carbon, nitrogen, and iron. The methane oxidation processes under aerobic and oxygen-deficiency were driven by different microbial groups, and different electron acceptors significantly influenced the anerobic methane oxidation potentials and their key methane oxidizers. This study provides new ideas and data for unveiling the methane oxidation mechanisms in watershed wetland environments.