Abstract: The natural variation of hydrological regime plays an important role in maintaining the function of river ecosystems.However, previous studies lack a comprehensive assessment of the hydrological regime changes in the Min River Basin. This study focused on a comprehensive analysis of the evolution, driving factors, and ecological response of hydrological regime in the Min River Basin,using indicators of ecological significance.Mann-Kendall and Pettitt’s tests were used to detect the year of abrupt hydrological changes in the Min River basin.Two general ecological indicators (ecological surplus and ecological deficit) and the hydrological change index (IHA) were used to identify the characteristics of ecohydrological variation before and after the abrupt changing point. The degree of hydrological variation (D0) and hydrological regime change (DHRAM) were used to assess the degree of changes.The driving factors of ecohydrological change were quantified by a combination of Budyko hydrothermal coupling equilibrium theory.The biodiversity index (SI) was used to analyze the ecological response to the changesinhydrological regime.The results showed that: (1) An abrupt change of the hydrological regime was detected in 1993.(2)The overall degree of hydrological change was up to 44%, indicating a moderate change.(3)Change of hydrological regime leaded to a decrease in ecological surplus and an increase in ecological deficit.(4)The influence of human activities on the annual average runoff change was 54.20%, while the influence of rainfall was 43.88%, and the influence of evaporation was 1.92%. Climate change and human activities jointly reduced the runoff of the Min River by 83.83 mm, and the human activities were dominant.(5)The influence of human activities accelerated the decline of biodiversity index. This study provideda reference for strengthening the protection and restoration of the ecological environment in theMinRiver, and promoted the rational and efficient utilization of water resources in the area.