Abstract: County is the basic unit of ecological civilization construction. Exploring the interactive evolution county land urbanization and carbon emissions is of great significance for promoting green and high-quality development and achieving the goal of "double carbon.". Based on DMSP-OLS and NPP-VIIRS nighttime light data, raster data and energy consumption data, this paper analyzed the interactive evolution characteristics of land urbanization and carbon emissions in Jiangxi Province from 2011 to 2020. The driving mechanism was explored with the help of spatial panel Tobit model. The results showed that: The land urbanization rate, carbon emissions and the coupling coordination degree of the two showed a continuous upward trend, but the degree was still low. The LISA agglomeration map was dominated by H-H and L-L types, and the spatial and temporal pattern was relatively stable. The H-H type was concentrated in the districts and counties under the jurisdiction of Nanchang City, Jiujiang City and Jingdezhen City, while the L-L type was mainly located in the southern mountainous and hilly areas. Among the driving factors, the level of population agglomeration, the level of economic development, the ability of government governance and the level of industrial development played a significant role in promoting the coordinated development, while the level of ecological greening demonstrated an inhibitory effect.