Abstract: Referring to the provincial panel data from 2002 to 2016, we took non-point source pollution caused by chemical fertilizer, non-point caused by farmyard manure, carbon emission during irrigation process and pesticide loss as the undesired output in the agricultural water resources utilization process. We constructed a water resources analysis framework centering on blue water and green water, and investigated the green technology progress of China's agricultural water resources utilization process by employing the SBM model and the Malmquist-Luenberger index. Moreover, adopting the spatial panel model, it examined the influences of the green technology progress and the agricultural economic development level while utilizing the water resources on the pollutant emission. The results showed that non-point source pollution caused by chemical fertilizer and pesticide loss all showed the characteristics of spatial aggregation. Given same input and desired output, promoting the green technology progress in agricultural water resources utilization could alleviate agricultural pollution. The environmental technology efficiency regarding the pesticide loss as the undesired output was more effective in reducing environmental pollution. The relationship between the agricultural economic development level and the aforementioned four types of pollution emissions were as follows respectively: inverted N-type, inverted U-type, N-type and inverted N-type. With the agricultural economy develops, most areas in China are still in the rising stage of inverted N-type use of pesticides and chemical fertilizer, and the situation of pesticide loss pollution and non-point source pollution caused by chemical fertilizer are exacerbating. The separation caused by agricultural economic development level and non-point source pollution caused by farmyard manure has gradually disappeared, while the carbon pollution generated by agricultural water resources utilization is unoptimistic.