Abstract: Based on the micro survey data of 603 peasant households in Hubei Province,this paper incorporates social context factors of rural acquaintances and constructs a three-dimensional analysis framework of interpersonal trust, institutional trust, and group identity, and discusses the behavioral logic and influencing factors of peasant households participating in the ecological governanceof villages.The research results show that:(1)Interpersonal trust, institutional trust and group identity all have significant positive effects on farmers' participation behavior in the village ecological governance .(2)Interpersonal trust plays an intermediary role in group identity and the participation behavior of farmers in villageecological governance; at the same time, group identity plays a negative regulatory role in institutional trust and farmersparticipation behavior in village ecological governance.(3)With the acceptance of group identity, the interpersonal trust and institutional trust play an opposite role in the village ecological governance, that is, there may be an “alternative” relationship between interpersonal trust and institutional trust.Based on this, it is possible to increase farmers participation behavior  in the village ecological governance by creating a reciprocal and mutually beneficial social fashion, allowing the contents of ecological governance policies and village collective actions to better meet the needs of farmers and embody the will of villagers.