Abstract: Abstract：Using 2068 survey data of Jiangxi province and the theory of goal setting for reference, this paper empirically analyzed the main effect and adjustment effect of expected benefits and capability approach on the adoption intention of farmers’ ecological farming and the influence of intergenerational differences. The results show that: (1) Expected benefits have a significant impact on farmers’ ecological farming adoption intention: high expected benefits have a positive effect on farmers’ ecological farming adoption intention, while low expected benefits have a negative effect on farmers’ ecological farming adoption intention; Moreover, there are intergenerational differences in the effect of expected benefits on the adoption intention of farmers’ ecological farming. (2) The improvement of the capability approach has a positive impact on the adoption intention of farmers’ ecological farming, and has a regulating effect on the relationship between their expected benefits and the adoption intention of ecological farming. Therefore, farmers should be encouraged to conduct ecological farming and strengthen the recognition of expected benefits through demonstration. Increase the basic knowledge of ecological farming publicity and related skills training to improve their own ability; the incentive policies of ecological farming should reflect the differences to adapt to the intergenerational differences.