Abstract: Water resources are the lifeline of economic and social development, Xinjiang has been facing severe water shortage and eco-environmental vulnerability for a long time. Hence study the carrying capacity of water resources and it’s spatial-temporal characteristics in Xinjiang has become an urgent problem to be solved. This paper select the evaluation indexes of water resources, social, economic, ecology and coordination system, calculates the comprehensive evaluation index of water resources carrying capacity by building a comprehensive evaluation model of water resources carrying capacity in fifteen regions in Xinjiang. In addition, the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of water resources carrying capacity are analyzed. The result showed that: Tarbagatay Prefecture, Altay Prefecture and Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture classified as the suitable carrying capacity area, Shihezi City and Karamay City classified as the grossly overloaded area, Aksu prefecture and Kashi prefecture classified as the lightly overloaded area, the other eight regions belong to the edge of the overloaded area; From the perspective of development trend, the edge of the overloaded area and the lightly overloaded area have been decreased slightly, while the suitable carrying capacity area have been increased slightly. Generally speaking, the most regions of Xinjiang’s water resources carrying capacity are on the edge of the overloaded area, the coordination level of water resources and socio- economic is generally low, the distribution of water resources are extremely unbalanced, and the distribution of water resources did not match with the distribution of population and economic development. But in nearly ten years, the comprehensive level of water resources carrying capacity shows a better development trend in most regions in Xinjiang. Finally, the policy suggestions are put forward to improve the carrying capacity of water resources.